Principles of the 1948 National Health Service

Standards of the 1948 National Health Service This task will diagram the primary standards of the 1948 National Health Service and will give a discourse on the association and structure of the NHS. To start this task will give setting by quickly investigating human services arrangement before the turn of events and execution of the NHS. Human services Pre-NHS Godber (1988) recommends that before the advancement of the NHS the Poor Law had given human services backing to the poverty stricken in Britain for about a century and this included organizations and clinic wards with a clinical official in control to give medicinal services the bigger ones continuously assuming the elements of general emergency clinics for the intensely sick. Intentional emergency clinics, which were regularly run by beneficent associations created expert administrations. Emergency clinics for patients with transferable maladies, tuberculosis, and psychological sickness and impediment had for quite some time been given by neighborhood specialists; initially for open security. Emergency clinic reviews completed during the Second World War uncovered not just deficiencies of beds and structures in a poor state, however that administrations were not given in the zones which most required them (Powell, 1992). From 1911 individual human services for low salary laborers was given through National Health Insurance; anyway this didn't cover clinic care. Other clinical consideration was regularly conveyed by general professionals and installment for administrations was an issue for the individual, in this way it was frequently the rich or well-off that approached medicinal services as opposed to the lower classes. The Beveridge Report of 1942; which was a powerful report on social protection and associated administrations, recognized five wrongs inside the general public of the day: need, numbness, sickness, dirtiness and inaction. It was suggested in this report a mandatory arrangement of state protection (to which bosses, workers and the state would contribute) would be built up to cover infection, joblessness, retirement annuities and backing for youthful families (National Archives, 2011a). The Beveridge Report (1942) highlighted the foundation of a far reaching national wellbeing administration as an essential supporting to a national social protection conspire. The Labor Party had a long-standing duty to a national wellbeing administration and when they came into office in July 1945, Aneurin Bevan was delegated Minister of Health. Inside merely weeks, Bevan created an arrangement for a completely nationalized and regionalized National Health Service (National Archive, 2011b). At the finish of the Second World War Britons needed an adjustment in how medicinal services was conveyed especially as clinical consideration had made huge advances in the war, warriors had been offered better expectations of care than they were probably going to experience after retirement (Portillo, 1998). Government workers and lawmakers had distinguished a developing force towards change and started taking a gander at open doors for change in how medicinal services was given. The National Health Service Englands National Health Service happened on the fifth of July 1948; it was the main wellbeing framework to flexibly free clinical consideration to the entire populace and the primary social insurance arrangement that was put together not with respect to a protection rule yet on the arrangement of administrations accessible to everybody (Klein, 2006). The change from divided and insufficient consideration arrangement to an organized and open body was novel and despite the fact that arranging had taken numerous years with fluctuating hindrances, for example, the flare-up of war and changes in political administration, the usage of a dynamic and all inclusive method of conveying care to everything was at last presented. Thusly, the new wellbeing administration apparently comprised the single greatest hierarchical change and most noteworthy improvement in social insurance at any point experienced in the countries history (Webster, 1998). The NHS united the entirety of the clinics; paying little mind to possession, and furthermore the specialists, medical caretakers, drug specialists, opticians and dental specialists that were once paid through foundation or private assets into one association. The Main Principles of the NHS Supporting the NHS is a lot of center standards and Bevan (1952) expressed that the embodiment of a palatable wellbeing administration is that the rich and the poor are dealt with the same, that destitution isn't an incapacity, and riches isn't advantaged. With the advancement of a national wellbeing administration the three primary center standards refered to by Bevan (1948) were that it addressed the issues of everybody, it ought to be free at the purpose of conveyance and that it ought to be founded on clinical need, not on the capacity to pay. These standards guaranteed that each individual from the British country from youthful to old and from rich to poor had the option to get free social insurance for any ailment, a wonders that was strange without a doubt in contrast with how heath care had been conveyed beforehand. The presentation of the National Health Service guaranteed clinical treatment and unforeseen weakness was not eclipsed by concern in regards to accounts and insta llment or that citizenry lived in dread of clinical costs they couldn't manage. Beckett (2004) recommends that inside a month of the vesting day of the National Health Service, in 1948, 97 percent of the overall population were pursued treatment. This was seen as a triumph for the clergyman of wellbeing, Aneurin Bevan, as it was seen that he had manufactured an arrangement of care and malady counteraction on a lot of standards never found in any worldwide society. These center standards guaranteed that everybody would have their medicinal services needs met and even today the three standards remain the establishments from which present day human services administrations are conveyed; fundamentally vagrants requiring care for frostbite or dental torment can get access to social insurance as can rich property designers who have had a skiing mishap or have the requirement for a shrewdness tooth to be expelled. The National Health Service might be seen to be allowed to those requiring clinical consideration and treatment, anyway the administration expects financing to guarantee specialists utilized are cushion and that assets, for example, prescriptions, gear and treatment zones are supported. To do this from beginning the NHS has been financed by an arrangement of tax collection exacted by the administration, commitments are made through frameworks of national protection commitments and personal assessment with modest quantities being made through private practice under the NHS umbrella (Rivett, 1998). From 1948: The structure of the NHS Under the 1946 National Health Service Act, it was suggested that the wellbeing priest had the obligation to advance in England and Wales a far reaching wellbeing administration which was to be created to improve the physical and emotional well-being of the populace and to supervise the move towards counteraction, finding and treatment of malady and sickness. The administrations to be given to meet these points were to be for nothing out of pocket and just because, the Minister of Health was made by and by responsible to Parliament for medical clinic and other specific administrations notwithstanding being in a roundabout way liable for family professional and neighborhood wellbeing administrations (Levitt et al., 1999). He was by implication answerable for family professional and nearby wellbeing administrations. The structure of the recently shaped National Health implied that all medical clinics were nationalized and they were overseen by either provincial emergency clinic sheets or sheets of governors who were responsible legitimately to the priest for wellbeing. Financing was given legitimately by the service of wellbeing to the local wellbeing sheets and this thusly was given to the emergency clinic the executives councils who had the obligation regarding the administration of spending plans and subsidizing for administrations (Levitt et al., 1999). As family professional administrations had wouldn't be overseen and supervised by the recently shaped National Health Service and Ministry of Health, official gatherings were framed to guarantee administrations, for example, general clinical, dental and ophthalmic assets were conveyed, these were alluded to as Primary Care administrations. Nearby position divisions were made answerable for network wellbeing administrations, including wellbeing guests and region medical caretakers, inoculations and immunisations, maternal and youngster government assistance, emergency vehicle administrations and administrations for the intellectually sick and those with learning incapacities who were not in clinic (Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry, 2001). From 1948: The Changing Organization of the NHS During the beginning times of the NHS it is recognized that there was a three section structure that had three branches which included; emergency clinics, essential consideration and neighborhood authority wellbeing administrations. This structure won until 1974 when a progressively coordinated game plan was presented which held three unmistakable degrees of the board at a local, territory and region level. A difference in government to preservationist administration in the 1970 general political race implied that the three section structure of the NHS that had been pervasive since the start of the administration usage became supplanted for new nearby position control. General specialists, medical clinics, wellbeing focuses and nursing administrations were brought heavily influenced by a solitary territory wellbeing authority which answered to provincial wellbeing specialists (National Archives, 2011c). An American financial expert during the 1980s created a profoundly basic report of the NHS recommending that it was wasteful, filled with unreasonable motivating forces and furthermore that it had become a culture that was impervious to change (Enthoven, 1985). Because of the accursing idea of this report the association of the NHS by and by changed and it was proposed by Enthoven (1985) that the NHS would be increasingly proficient on the off chance that it was composed on something progressively like monetary market standards. Enthoven (1985) contended for a split among buyer and supplier, with the goal that Health Authorities could practice progressively compelling command over expenses and creation therefore the NHS organization was broken

Word Choice Dessert vs. Desert - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Dessert versus Desert - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Dessert versus Desert We’ve all been there. You’re in a café with companions. You finish your fundamental course and request a â€Å"desert.† Moments later, the server returns and covers your table underneath a truckload of sand, destroying the night for everybody. Mmmm sand. [Photo: Simon A. Eugster]OK, this most likely hasn’t occurred, in actuality. Be that as it may, that’s on the grounds that â€Å"desert† and â€Å"dessert† are articulated distinctively enough that you wouldn’t regularly blend them up. Recorded it’s extraordinary, and we see these terms befuddled all the time. Now and then this is an only a mistake (so make sure to edit!) however it can likewise be an issue with spelling, so have sure you know the effect between these words. Treat (Sweet and Delicious) This is the simple one, since â€Å"dessert† just makes them mean. In particular, it’s used to depict sweet food eaten after the principle part of a dinner: For dessert, I ate my own body weight in frozen yogurt. Accordingly, you should just utilize â€Å"dessert† concerning food. Getting hungrier at this point You now and then observe individuals compose â€Å"just desserts,† yet this is really an error; the right term is â€Å"just deserts,† meaning â€Å"that which is deserved.† By correlation, â€Å"just desserts† would mean something like â€Å"only puddings,† which is just valuable on the off chance that you run a burger joint for individuals with a sugar dependence. Desert (Dry and Sandy) The most widely recognized utilization of â€Å"desert† is to distinguish a spot with practically no precipitation, commonly some place hot and sandy: The Mojave is the most smoking desert in the United States. It truly is incredibly, hot there. [Photo: Theschmallfella]We likewise utilize this feeling of â€Å"desert† as a descriptive word, for example, while portraying something related with the desert: From his battle in North Africa during WWII, Rommel got known as the â€Å"Desert Fox.† Then, the action word â€Å"desert† is articulated somewhat better notwithstanding having a similar spelling. This feeling of â€Å"desert† implies â€Å"to abandon†: The detainee escaped after the watchman abandoned his post. Sweet or Desert? It’s simple to keep away from botches with â€Å"dessert† and â€Å"desert† as long as you recall that â€Å"dessert† just makes them mean (it turns out to be much simpler on the off chance that you envision the twofold â€Å"s† in â€Å"dessert† represents â€Å"something sweet†). Once you’ve precluded that, regardless of whether you’re utilizing â€Å"desert† as a thing or an action word, the spelling is the equivalent. Simply remember that: Treat (thing) = The last course in a feast (â€Å"something sweet†) Desert (thing) = A dry, sandy territory of land Desert (action word) = To leave or forsake

Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations

Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As interview decisions begin to be released, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an interview invitation, you will certainly  not  increase your chances of receiving one by calling the admissions office and asking if they do indeed have all your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently making you seem pushy or even belligerent. Admissions offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their word. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. As painful as it is, unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really do is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second-guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As business school interview invitations begin to roll out, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an invitation, you will certainly  not  increase your chances of receiving one by calling the admissions office and asking if the school does indeed have all your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently making you seem pushy or even belligerent. Admissions offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their word. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. Unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really doâ€"as painful as it may beâ€"is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second-guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As interview decisions begin to be released, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an interview invitation, you will certainly  not  increase your chances of receiving one by calling the admissions office and asking if they do indeed have all of your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently framing you as pushy or even belligerent. Admissions offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their word. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. As painful as it is, unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really do is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second-guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As business school interview invitations begin to roll out, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an invitation, you will certainly  not  increase your chances of receiving one by calling the Admissions Office and asking if the school does indeed have all your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently making you seem pushy or even belligerent. Admissions Offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their word. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. Unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really doâ€"as painful as it may beâ€"is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second-guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Wait Patiently for Interview Invitations Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As interview decisions begin to be released, do your best to remain calm and let the admissions committees do their work. Although becoming a little apprehensive is natural if you have not yet received an interview invitation, you will certainly not increase your chances of receiving one by calling the admissions office and asking if the school does indeed have all your files or if an interview decision has been made. In fact, such calls can actually have a negative effect on your candidacy, inadvertently making you seem pushy or even belligerent. Admissions offices are increasingly transparent and should be taken at their word. If they say they are still releasing decisions, then they are in fact still doing so. If they say that the timing of your interview decision does not signify an order of preference, then it does not. Unless something has changed materially in your candidacy, all you can really doâ€"as painful as it may beâ€"is wait patiently and try not to think about the decision or second-guess your status. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Sex, Sexual, And Exploitation Of Female Athletes - 1509 Words

In the 21st century, despite many years of progress, gender inequity still exists in sports, with male athletes dominating their female counterparts in aspects such as pay, endorsements, media coverage and participation. Indeed, of the 100 highest paid athletes in the world in 2015, the top 20 were all males, and none were from any of the so called ‘female’ sports [1]. Consequently— in an effort to lessen this disparity— ‘the commercial exploitation of sex, sexual attraction and sexually explicit materials of female athletes in sport [2],’ or sexualisation, has become increasingly commonplace, with netball now under fire. Currently boasting more than 20 million followers worldwide—and the title of the most popular female sport in Australia—netball was established in 1891 by James Naismith as a more feminine alternative to basketball, and is played by two opposing teams of seven on a rectangular court consisting of three thirds— the objective of the game, in simple terms, to score as many goals as possible within the 40 minutes of game time [3]. Since its conception, however, despite its popularity amongst women, the game has always paled in coverage and funding when compared to others male sports, like basketball. Concerning this disparity, during this presentation I will evaluate the potential future sexualisation/sexploitation of netball as a solution, and based on the findings, will delegate an alternative recommendation for the future. Section One: Before we begin,Show MoreRelatedThe Controversy Of Female Sports806 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional level. 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Title IX has changed the way that the American society views gender equality in exploitation (such as sexual harassment), athletics, education, and careers. Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded educationRead MoreGender Equality And The Empowerment Of Women Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pageslong history. It is a history marked by division and discrimination but also filled with major accomplishments by female athletes and important advances for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. It is important to know how women impacted sports and opened doors for new possibilities. 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Prayer A Powerful Belief Of A Good Life, And Peace On Earth

Hope is a powerful belief that is embodied in every man, woman, and child on this planet. Every child hopes he or she gets what they asked for from Santa; every man and woman hopes for success, financial stability, love, a good life, and peace on Earth. Prayer is usually accompanied with hope as a means to pray that what we hope for comes to fruition. Hope can also have a negative meaning as well, sometimes when we feel frustrated with something or someone we will say â€Å"all hope is lost.† In this aspect hope and prayer coincide as well, we pray that all hope is not lost. While hope, and prayer have become universally adopted in our daily activities, most people fail to realize the Biblical application and Doctrine associated with the two. HOPE Theological definition: The theological definition of hope can best be summed up â€Å"hope of the believer.† Most people regard hope as a vague emotion or an optimistic wish for the best. Christians however, know that hope is trusting in the salvation that is given to them when they accept Jesus Christ as their savior. Hope could be considered to be synonymous with faith, in the aspect that to have faith God means one is saves. To have hope from a theological standpoint is not wishing for the best, but knowing you will always be loved by God and are fulfilling his plan. Biblical foundation: There are many Biblical references in regards to hope; 1 Peter 1:3 explains hope as â€Å"Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, whoShow MoreRelatedIslam : A Religion Of Discipline And Devotion1298 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamentals and principles of Islam is often misunderstood in the western society. Eventhough it is one of the most powerful growing religion in the world, it is percieved to be the faith that promotes violence. 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I have always believed that what the Bible says about these themes is the truth and the sole truth. This belief has come from what I was taught as a child, from my own understanding of the Bible

Complexities of the U.S. Financial System Essay Example

Essays on Complexities of the U.S. Financial System Essay The paper "Complexities of the U.S. Financial System" is a brilliant example of a term paper on finance and accounting. The financial markets in the United States play an intricate role in the economy, businesses, and individuals. â€Å"Financial markets help efficiently direct the flow of savings and investment in the economy in ways that facilitate the accumulation of capital and the production of goods and services† (Frbsf, 2005). Some of the instruments included in the financial markets include common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds, CD's, derivatives, and options. The most commonly utilized financial instrument is common stocks. Common stocks allow companies the ability to raise capital. Common stocks are sold in the open market. New companies in the market are able to raise money through initial public offerings (IPO), while established companies can raise money through secondary offerings. The second most commonly used instrument available bonds. Bonds are often referre d too as commercial paper. A bond is a debt instrument sold in blocks of $1,000 that offers its buyers interest earnings every year. Upon maturity of the bond, the bondholder receives his principal back.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The individuals within an economy benefit a lot from the existence of financial markets. The financial markets serve the role of being an investment mechanism for people who often used them as part of a person's retirement plan. When an individual buys common stocks the person gains ownership in the corporation. Common stocks appreciate over time which allows individuals the ability to earn capital gains. A common stock investor can also earn money through the payment of dividends. A con of common stocks is that they are the riskier type of investment an investor can make. The safest type of common stock an investor can select is blue-chip stocks. In order for an investor in the financial markets to minimize risk and optimize earnings, the y must utilize a diversification strategy. Diversification implies investing money in different types of instruments. Putting all your money in one company is a high-risk proposition.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The U.S. Federal Reserve is considered the central bank of the United States of America. Four of the   primary roles of the Federal Reserve are illustrated below:Influence money and credit conditions in the economySupervise and regulate the banking industryMaintain stability in the financial system and contain systematic riskOperate and overseeing the nation's payment systems(Federalreserve, 2014).The Federal Reserve is very effective at controlling the flow of money within the nation and at ensuring that the banking industry operates efficiently looking out for the best interest of the customers.The Federal Reserve chairman is the head of the central banking system of the United States. His leadership and guidance are imperative for the success of the Fede ral Reserve. The chairman must report twice a year the progress of the Federal Reserve to Congress. The Federal Reserve board plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of the U.S. banking system and bank holding companies. The board is responsible for the supervision of approximately 900 state member banks and 5,000 bank holding companies (Dummies, 2014).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interest rates affect and influence the economy in a variety of ways. When interest rates go down the real estate market booms because people are able to buy homes at a cheaper rate. Lower interest rate affects corporations positively because they are able to obtain funds at a cheaper rate. The interest rate affects spending. A rise in interest rates decreases spending in the economy. Changes in interest rates have global repercussions. Global investors are impacted by changes in interest rates because these players tend to buy more bonds when interest rates go up since the inv estment becomes more attractive.

Purpose Of Education Essay Example For Students

Purpose Of Education Essay From the ancient years many people tried to infect their knowledge to others. It was not difficult even for an inferior civilization to understand that the education was absolutely necessary, so the capitulary of education is ancient. Education is one of the most important tools that a society possesses. The right implementation of this tool is one of the greatest ways of assuring the quality of life within a society. The ability to better ourselves, is one of the strongest abilities of the human race. Without the consistent development of the human race, life would be nothing more than survival. At its most basic level of definition, education is nothing more than the teaching of ideas. The early stages of schooling instil more attitude and social skills than knowledge. The younger stages of a persons life are usually the most definable years of their lives. For this reason many rudimentary skills are taught. As the age and skill level of the student increases, more education is bas ed upon the interest of the student. For society to progress and excel every generation must learn just a little more. Education has its downfalls. Students are only taught what society sees fit to teach them. If a society doesnt want students to learn about a certain period of history, then it is not taught. Education is a tool to succeed in life. The quality of education that a student receives depends upon many issues. One of the biggest differences in education is between public and private schools. In a society that values money, such as ours, the rich are given a better background in education than most people. For the general public, students are taught the same material, and excel at different rates than other students. The people that dont grasp the material usually fall behind and become the working class within our society. Those that excel become the backbone of our society, fuelling our economy and developing ideas within our world. The difference in education is not only is not only the skill that is provided, but also the attitude. Every person is different, and some people lack the ability to work in a technical field. Everyone has a place in society, and some people will work hard physically all of their lives. Not everyone can be number one. Inequalities definitely exist in education. The rich seem to get richer, and the poor seem to become poorer. A society consists of different classes of people, and each class is essential to the survival of all. The gap between the rich and the poor can never be eliminated, but by educating our people maybe it can become smaller. In conclusion the problems of education are too many nowadays and unfortunately every year the situation become worse. In this way how the future of our children will be?

Term paper free essay sample

We have gathered data by survey to understand individuals perception about rights and laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 5 Limitation of the Study It is quite impossible for us to prepare a report without limitations. Lacking of information and time limitation are main limitation of the report. Further, it was difficult for us to create proper communication with urban people in Bangladesh. 1. Methodology of the Study The study is based on creating legal awareness through ICT in urban Bangladesh. To collect information we have visited different types of NGOs like Asha, Ain o Salish Kendro ,MohilaSomiti and some other organizations, and we also studied different of ICT and children development, the peoples republic of Bangladesh for collecting information. 1. 7 Ethical Issues The ethical guidelines in completing this report include transparency and honesty in carrying out the study, timely data collection and compilation to finish the work within the deadline. In conducting the work, we have to study about rights and laws. Appropriate references have been included for materials obtained from secondary sources. Chapter 2 Introduction Legal Rights of People 2. 1 The so-called digital divide is actually several gaps in one. There is a technological divide†great gaps in infrastructure. There is a content divide. A lot of web-based information is simply not relevant to the real needs of people. And nearly 70 per cent of the worlds websites are in English, at times crowding out local voices and views. There is a gender divide, with women and girls enjoying less access to information technology than men and boys. This can be true of rich and poor countries alike. United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan Statement to the World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva, 10 December 2003 The conventional societies have transformed into information societies with the rise of impact of Information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs have ensured the mass access to the stream of information and knowledge, which has improved the situation and decreased the socio-economic and practical barriers for the masses to get information about rights. The diffusion of the information and communication technologies in the societies especially in Asian societies have improved the situation in a sense that level of awareness is rising with the easy access to the information reating awareness about all the spheres of life including human and political rights. Formal political process and democracy are basically dependent on effective communication and properly conveyed decisions-making about political issues between citizens, politicians and other stakeholders who can be affected with collective political decisions (Habermas, 1996; vanDiJk, 2000). Internet has been increasingly used in campaigns and becoming a decisive factor in political campaign for candidates and web users alike with each passing election in developed countries (BucyAffe, 2006). The study of (Hansen Benoitb, 2005) investigated the immediate ffects of watching presidential candidates World Wide Web (WWW) sites of George W. Bush and A1 Gore in the 2000 general election and recorded that these sites have impacts on voters. Currently, the situation in developing countries is not the same as that of developed countries however, with the passage of time and with the diffusion of ICTs, it will change. The first few years of the new millennium witnessed extremely to 2003, the penetration of ICTs was one-quarter-billion in the developing countries. As a result of this rapid expansion in ICTs, youngsters belonging to developed and eveloping nations around the globe have got equal access to information and now they can share the ideas with other minds beyond the physical boundaries of their countries. It was estimated that there were 1. 4 billion of the web users by the year 2008. As per report of TU, there had been 20, 350, 000 Internet users since June, 2010 in Pakistan i. e. about 1 1. % of the population has reach to the Internet which actually does not represent the whole of the population. These Internet adaptors are usually belongs to urban areas with a better socio-economic and academic uplift and they can help trigger the process of true democracy. It has been observed that the Internet is enhancing the political participation between economically and educationally privileged users (Bonchek, 1997). 2. 2 Right of Life The Constitution of Bangladesh does not explicitly provide for the right to healthy environment either in the directive principles or as a fundamental right. Article 31 states that every citizen has the right to protection from action detrimental to the life liberty, body, reputation, or property, unless these are taken in accordance with law. It added that the citizens and the residents of Bangladesh have the inalienable right o be treated in accordance with law. If these rights are taken away, compensation must be paid. Article 32 states: No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty saves in accordance with law. These two articles together incorporate the fundamental right to life. The following discussion suggests that this right to life includes the right to a healthy environment capable of supporting the growth of a meaningful existence of life. (l) In 1994, a public interest litigation was initiated before the Supreme Court dealing with air and noise pollution. The Supreme Court greed with the argument presented by the petitioner that the constitutional right to life does extend to include right to a safe and healthy environment. 2)ln a recent case, the Appellate Division and the High Court Division of the Supreme Court have dealt with the question in a positive manner. The Appellate Division, in the case of Dr. M. Farooque v. Bangladesh (3) has reiterated Bangladeshs commitment in the context of engaging concern for the conservation of environment, irrespective of the locality where it is threatened. This was a full court consensus Judgment and the ourt decided: The High Court Divisio n in the same case (4)expanded the fundamental right to life to include anything that affects life, public health and safety. It includes the enjoyment of pollution free water and air, improvement of public health by creating and sustaining conditions congenial to good health and ensuring quality of life consistent with human dignity. The court added that, if right to life means the right to protect health and normal longevity of any ordinary human being, then it could be said that the fundamental right to life ofa person has been threatened or endangered. 2. 3 Right to Equality The Constitution of India and Bangladesh provides that all are equal before the law and shall be accorded equal protection of the law. Equality before law means that, among equals, law shall be equal and shall be equally administered. Equal and no discrimination shall be made in conferment or imposition of liabilities. According to the Indian Constitution, article 14 states that: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection before the laws within the territory of India. If article14 is infringed, it can have an impact on the environment and human rights. The urban environmental group frequently takes resort to article 14 to quash arbitrary municipal permissions for construction that are contrary to development regulations. Article 14 can be used to challenge government sanctions for mining and other activities with high human rights and environmental impact, where the permissions are arbitrarily granted without adequate consideration of environmental impacts. (5) Article 25 of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with right to equality. It states that all citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law and that there shall be no discrimination n the basis of sex alone. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides similar rights to the citizens. Term Paper free essay sample Almost all large corporations have gained some equines interest in a market outside of their own domestic market. However, the degree of global success varies dramatically among firms and industries. It is imperative for the managers and strategists to study each others international failures and successes in order to avoid duplicating the former and mimicking the latter. To exploit the opportunities of the world trade, companies will need to take an active and ongoing strategic approach to global marketing. Global marketing and the opportunities it offers businesses today depend on the ability to adapt and find new solutions to complex issues. Among the major concerns Of strategic planning is the understanding and diagnosis of the environment, which can be described by aggregating many of the variables into sub environments. Quail ¶y management is an important part of every companys strategic planning process. Its sole purpose is to improve the performance of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would appear to be common sense, yet very few international companies realize the promise of quality management to consistently improve the organizations results.Strategic planning is used by organizations to counter the internal ND external problems they experience. The internal and external problems prevent the firm to reach its goals. This paper will use strategic planning to solve the issues at the Chronicle Gazette and will offer the management of the company a strategic vision of where the newspaper publishing industry stands today and where it is headed over the next decade. Furthermore, it will also present different strategies that the company can investigate in order to survive in the new business environment. . State of the newspaper industry 2. 1. Declining circulation and revenue The newspaper industry is facing problems because of the advancement in technologies. The newspaper industry is the most profitable of all media industries. In order to produce its product, the newspaper industry combines technology, information gathering and packaging services, and financial support from advertisers and readers to produce a perishable product that is usable by literate audiences and whose usefulness to most consumers diminishes within a day.A variety of unique economic characteristics distinguish newspapers from other media. The mission Of newspaper enterprises includes both commercial and social facets. Like most other media, newspapers play important roles as facilitators of commerce, promoting consumption by creating consumer wants for products through advertising, and serving the financial interests of newspaper owners as part of the competitive economic system. Newspapers, however, play a greater role as facilitators of social and political expression than other media.As a result, newspaper firms tend to emphasize conveyance of information and ideas about contemporary events and issues to a greater degree than oth er Edie that are more entertainment oriented. The future of the newspaper industry is unclear because of declining readership, illiteracy, and technological changes, but there is no reason to believe the functions of newspapers will no longer be required or that newspaper companies do not have the ability to adapt and survive. Newspaper companies are concerned because it appears that the decline In readership of newspapers among the population as a whole will continue.Many persons, especially young people, appear uninterested in the current content of newspapers and make greater use of other media. Persons of all gees who cannot read, or do not read well, can be expected to increasingly use broadcast and cable services for their news, information, and advertising needs. Nevertheless, a great number of people can still be expected to want information of the type found in newspapers and there will continue to be a need for firms to gather and convey such information. Some futurists predict that the newspaper itself will disappear because of changes in production and distribution.They argue that the printing aspects of the industry will disappear and the electronic product currently being produced by the news ND advertising portions of newspaper companies will be transposed into an electronic newspaper deliv ered via cable or computer. Traditionalists disagree, arguing that the portability of newspapers will halt or delay such electronic distribution. In the short term, the prospects for the newspaper industry remain good. Habitual use and steady demand for the information product, as well its continuing attractiveness to advertisers, indicate that it should remain a profitable industry well into the 21st century.In the long term, the financial prospects of the newspaper industry are favorable even if genealogical and lifestyle changes lead consumers to accept electronic video- based distribution and the printing portion of the industry disappears. Under such a scenario, newspaper companies would replace their high-cost composition, printing, and distribution departments with a lower cost department that facilitates distribution or access through existing telecommunication or cable services, while continuing to use their prepares activities to provide the news and information for the new media product. . 2. Status of the newspaper leaders The New York Times and Wall Street journal are experiencing what other swapper businesses ar e facing. Both companies are still on a profitable state but the threat of new technology still affects their operations. The process of creating a product to distribute to market varies widely across the media industries. In the case of newspapers, for example, production is by necessity compressed into a few hours.Most processes assembling newsworthy items from reporters and wire services, layout and typesetting the physical availability of the product for distribution must take place in a compressed time frame. In contrast, the time frame for a book may be months or years. Within particular segments of the industry, there have been some notable changes in the production process in recent years. For example, few book and magazine publishers now physically undertake their own printing, as major commercial printers such as R. R. Donnelley Sons co. Do the majority of book and magazine printing on an ongoing basis.Technological developments have facilitated efficient operations for firms that require geographically dispersed facilities locations. For example, the availability of satellite communications improves the efficiency of the reduction process for publications where there is a standard product that is printed in several locations. Prominent examples include The Wall Street Journal and USA Today. The newspaper industry in the United States is characterized by monopoly and its attendant market power, with 98% of newspapers existing as the only daily paper published within their markets. In the few cities where local competition exists, it nearly always occurs between differentiated newspapers such as a broadsheet and a tabloid intended for different audiences or between papers that target substantially different geographic arrest than their competitors. The markets for most papers are the retail trading zones in which they exist. A national market is relevant for papers that circulate throughout the country and have the majority of their circulation outside the city of main publication.The national newspaper market in the U. S. Includes papers such as the Wall Street Journal, LISA Today, and Christian Science Monitor. This national list is usually supplemented with the New York Times, which gains only about One quarter of its circulation in the national market but is included because of its standing as the national newspaper of cord. In debates within the range of elite opinion, moreover, the Times have not been Fearless even in the face of gross outrages against law, morality, and the general interest.The newspaper industry is not significantly affected by globalization and remains primarily a domestic industry, both in the Ignited States and abroad. The primary reasons for the lack of globalization are that newspapers primary product is local and localized by nature and that linguistic limitations limit the exportability of newspapers. In terms of ownership, few American newspaper firms are globalization their operations for tragic reasons and lack of company structures and capabilities to support international activities. A notable exception has been DOD Jones Co. Which has aggressively pursued globalization through the establishment of regional editions, such as Wall Street Journal Europe and Wall Street Journal Asia. The Gannett Co. Makes USA Today available in some parts of the world through satellite printing and distribution agreements and the New York Times Co. Owns the Paris-based International Herald-Tribune. 3. Why newspapers are facing declining circulations and revenues? 3. 1 . External Assessment 3. 1. 1. Economic Forces Currently Newspapers are still profiting but it has been declining due to new technology such as the internet and the recent economic crisis.The internet has made sure that people dont need to buy newspapers. The economic crisis prevents some individuals to purchase newspapers. Aside from buyers, newspaper businesses rely on advertisers as a source of income. Even the advertisers or the alternative means of income of the newspaper businesses are affected by the internet and innovative media. In recent decades, advertisers have increasingly come to view newspapers as means of reaching ass audiences, rather than as means of reaching segmented audiences that were once available when multiple papers existed. Today, advertisers use other media particularly radio, magazines, and cablecasts to segment audiences and rely on newspapers, a print medium, for reaching mass audiences. In large local markets, some newspapers have begun to segment portions of their markets in geographic terms by providing cost-saving zoned editions that appeal most to local retail stores that serve customers only in a small portion of the entire newspapers market and to classified advertisers interested only in reaching nearby readers.The general reliance on newspapers as a mass medium by national and large advertisers has created a systemic economic problem that makes it nearly impossible for competing papers to survive in the same market. When more than one paper exists in a market, the secondary paper is disadvantaged because a disproportionate amount of advertising is given to the leading paper, regardless Of how closely the second paper approximates its circulation. 3. 1 . 2. Social, cultural, demographic, and environmental forces Daily newspapers have problems.Their readership, especially among younger traders and those most attractive to advertisers, is declining. Their mode of delivering what they produce requires huge capital expenditures in printing presses, newsprint, fleets of delivery trucks, and armies of individuals to drop the ink-on-crushed-trees product on readers doorsteps. Readers have long been used to getting their newspaper for very low cost, despite the fact that the expense of generating much of that content, especially local, original content, is going up.Readers have had their newspaper subsidized by advertisers, who were traditionally willing to pay for access to readers attention. But advertisers are discovering other means of communicating with potential buyers, especially through the use of direct mail and other highly tailored, one-to-one forms of marketing. Hundreds of competitors in the online world have discovered that it is economically feasible and profitable to unbundled the commodity information that has historically been one of the staples of newspapers and deliver it electronically to targeted audiences. The challenge to newspapers historic role as a mass medium with wide readership, deep advertiser support, status as an official publication racial to government, and a business model that was a license to print money has led many to examine how the newspaper of the future must change in order to survive. Newspapers are usually read by adults and some young people. The onset Of the internet reduced the young readers and it reduced the adult readers. People nowadays look for the internet as a primary source of information.People nowadays think that the internet is the faster and more efficient means of gaining all information. 3. 1. 3. Political, governmental and legal forces Economics oriented critics of government intervention in the media realm happily rely on oversimplified economics. Under certain purportedly normal circumstances, the market provides firms with an incentive to produce and sell the product as long as the products cost is less than the purchaser will pay, that is, as long as marginal costs are less than marginal price.The market thereby leads to a preference-maximizing production and distribution. The public may have reasons to presume the seller or producer exercises independent judgment and to believe that this supplier uses this independence to try to serve the purchasers interests. These concerns roved a ACTA last for the press to portray itself as independent and an explanation for most peoples outrage at any evidence that advertisers influence medias editorial content. People value media products for various reasons. Audiences want media products for entertainment or for specific information, as well as for edification. Attributes that make a media product good for one purpose may not be those that make it good for another. This diversity in functions introduces complications for the notion of the audience getting what it wants, complications that are often exacerbated due to the ultimate purchasers audiences and advertisers. Governments have not used means to give assistance to the newspaper industry. No laws have helped in reducing the problem of newspapers.The government only tries to moderate the contents of newspaper but it does not interfere in the situation and condition of the newspaper industry. The government has no power to moderate or reduce the onset of the use of the internet as a competitor for newspaper businesses because of the basic freedom of expression. 3. 1. 4. Technological forces The internet changed the newspaper industry. The internet reduced the need or printing newspaper since there was already an online newspaper. Online newspapers are mostly free but some ask for payment before people can view the site.Although offering content for free to users can boost an electronic newspapers market it may also take readers away from its print edition. Hence, the significant thing for online newspapers is to differentiate themselves from traditional media so that they appear to offer something different. In the long-distance information market, print editions may not be readily available. But there are other challenges. Once the news gets on the Web, it reaches a global market. The marginal cost for delivering news to more people is zero.If an area can generate revenue that exceeds cost, it is worthwhile for electronic newspapers to explore wider markets that carry them beyond the geographical boundaries defining their print editions. How successful an online newspaper will be at attracting readers in the global marketplace is hard to predict. Experience has already shown that readerships for such publications can vary widely. Major newspapers such as The New York Times is The Wall Street Journal is attract significant numbers f visitors to their online editions from all around the world.Smaller local newspapers may continue to attract only a regional readership, even when they go online. In the international arena, online newspapers may include business people needing first-hand information from another country or travelers seeking news of native lands. While residing overseas, these users may not have access to their regular hard copy newspaper and therefore turn to its electronic version instead. Turning to the local advertising market, electronic newspapers face competition from offline and other online media operators.Printed newspapers often derive more than 3/4 of their revenue from advertising. Electronic newspapers have no strong model in this context because of advertisers concern over the endurance of the online readership and the online advertisements actual penetration. The current model requires electronic newspapers to deliver content free of charge to attract sufficient visitors to attract advertising. TO attract advertising, electronic newspapers must show an advantage over other media and over other online services.In the long-distance advertising market, electronic newspapers must array advertisements that have global appeal. This means attracting big national and international advertisers to advertise their brands on the Internet. An alternative is to persuade local companies to think globally and to explore international expansion on the Internet. There remains the problem of how to effectively measure audiences for Web advertising. Different measurement systems exist and disagreements have emerged about the effects of Internet advertising. News organizations have different objectives for establishing Web sites.Such sites can serve public relations function, operating as a brand-building tool. In this context, information is provided for free to users, because charging for exposure to a promotional feature is inappropriate. News Web sites may cover their costs through the advertising revenue they generate, as do print publications. Often, however, establishing this revenue stream takes time and an early entry into the online publishing market can enable a news publisher to learn important lessons essential to the maintenance of a viable Internet business in the longer term. . 1. 5 Competitive Forces New firms enter the newspaper industry if the current firms are earning their refits economic profits exist when returns in an industry that are superior than profits that are accessible from the substitute investments. Thus, the current firms leave the industry if the prices are high enough in order to handle their cost. Entry in the industry is complicated because the current firms are enjoying advantages Including the lower production costs that are not available to the new firms.It is important to consider that the long-run average cost of production of copies of additional newspaper decreases as the number of copies printed increase, thus the economies of scale mean a lily subscription prices than a daily that only reaches some of the minority of the newspaper buyers. Another barrier in entry in the industry is the cost of starting newspaper. It shows that costs for the daily newspapers with the estimated start-up costs for television and radio station a nd particularly websites. Furthermore, those new entrants in the industry will face higher operating cost due to extra costs such as promotion. Furthermore, the markets of the industry are facing some oblique competition between the different layers of newspapers including the national and suburban dailies ND weeklies. 3. 1. 6 External Factor Evaluation (EVE) Matrix FEE Matrix helps the strategists to summaries and assess the economic, social, cultural, demographic, environmental, political, governmental, legal, technological and competitive information.The table on the following page shows the FEE Matrix Of The Chronicles Gazette. Key External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Opportunities Internet 2 0. 2 2. Advancement of Mobile gadgets: cellophanes, phones, smartness etc. 15% 0. 0225 Local news coverage 3. 5% 3 0. 15 4. Support from the government The retreats Economic downturn 5. 0. 3 6. Growing competition with the online advertisers 15% Lack of interest of the public to newspaper 0. 1 8. 9. People who are willing to pay for newspaper subscription is declining 5% 0. 0025 10. Indirect competition from different layers of Newspaper 1 poor, 2 below average, 3 above average, 4 superior Total 100. 00% 1 . 3475 The total result of the FEE Matrix shows that the overall effort and performance of the newspaper company in handling the different opportunities and threats in the macro environment is poor. With this, it is important to focus on the different micro environmental factors or those internal aspects that are related with how to improve its current performance and achieve competitive advantage. 4. Internal assessment 4. . Organizational processes and structure The Chronicle Gazette has a well established organizational process and structure. The company has made sure that all the processes in making the newspaper and delivering it to clients were given much thought and consideration. The company made sure that all processes were based from high standards of quality. The company has made sure that its structure is well organized. The gazettes structure is so organized and each member of he organization is trained to find a solution for each problem. 4. 2. HER capabilities The Chronicle Gazette has a Human Resource group that hires the best journalist from the country. The HER group coordinates, communicates and discusses issues with the different journalist. The HER group also makes sure that it gathers competent workers that will print and deliver the newspapers. The HER group makes sure that the workers who will print and deliver the newspapers are given proper trainings on how to perform their duties. Lastly the HER group makes sure that they hire the best managers, sales and office personnel. Term paper free essay sample There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. Term paper free essay sample Focus: Strategic issues in risk return tradeoff relation, beta estimation, portfolio management, market efficiency, and market timing. Assignment Questions 1 Discuss the strategy and goals of Alex Sharpe and relate them to the efficient market hypothesis. 2 Calculate the return and variability (standard deviation) of Reynolds, Hasbro, and Vanguard Index 500 Trust during the past 5 years. Which one appears to be riskiest? SP 500 REYNOLDS HASBRO Mean 0.57% 1.87% 1.18% Variance 0.13% 0.88% 0.66% Standard Deviation 3.60% 9.37% 8.12% Conclusion: Reynolds appears to be riskiest. Explanation: Given the fact that risk reflects the uncertainty of future return on a given asset or a portfolio of assets, standard deviation is thus used as a measure of the risk for the reason that it examines the historical price fluctuations of the underlying assets. Hence, the higher standard deviation, the higher risk the asset bears. Based on the calculation, Reynolds is riskiest because it has the highest standard deviation. 3 Suppose Sharpe’s position had been 99% of equity funds invested in the index fund, and 1% in the individual stock. We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Calculate the return and variability of each portfolio using each stock. How does each stock affect the return and variability of the equity investment? Which portfolio is riskiest? How does this relate to your answer to question 2? SP 500 Portfolio #1 SP500 and Reynolds Portfolio #2 SP500 and Hasbro Mean 0.57% 0.59% 0.58% Variance 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% Standard Deviation 3.60% 3.59% 3.62% Effect on the initial equity investment: Portfolio #1: Higher expected return, lower variability Portfolio #2: Higher expected return, higher variability Conclusion: Per the answer of question 2, portfolio #2 is the riskiest for the reason that it has the highest standard deviation. 4 Perform a regression of each stock’s monthly returns on the Index returns to compute the â€Å"beta† for each stock. How does this relate to the situation described in question 2 above? In what stock(s) (if any) should Sharpe invest? How might the expected return for each stock relate to its riskiness? 5 What would be your (i) goal and (ii) strategy if you are the portfolio manager? Please provide a reasonable analysis to support your goal and strategy.a Term Paper free essay sample After completing this course, students should be able to: understand and explain concepts and theories concerning the global business environment; apply conceptual frameworks and theories to current events in the global business environment and to actual behavior of firms that engage in international operations; explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature; display improved skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving; demonstrate improved skills in independent research and communication; and understand the processes of working within a team or group and show evidence of ability to collaborate with others. The learning outcomes in this course also help you to achieve some of the overall program learning goals and outcomes for all postgraduate coursework students in the GAB. Program learning goals are what we want you to be or have by the time you successfully complete your degree (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. be an effective team player).You demonstrate this by achieving specific program learning outcomes what you are able to do by the end Of your degree (e. G. participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams). GAB Postgraduate Coursework Program Learning Goals and Outcomes 1 . Knowledge: Our graduates will have current disciplinary or interdisciplinary knowledge applicable in local and global contexts. You should be able to identify and apply current knowledge of disciplinary or interdisciplinary hero and professional practice to business in local and global environments. 2. Critical thinking and problem solving: Our graduates will have critical thinking and problem solving skills applicable to business and management practice or issues. You should be able to identify, research and analyses complex issues and problems in business and/or management, and propose appropriate and well-justified solutions. 3. Communication: Our graduates will be effective communicators in professional contexts. You should be able to: a. Produce written documents that communicate complex disciplinary ideas and 2 b. Information effectively for the intended audience and purpose, and Produce oral presentations that communicate complex disciplinary ideas and information effectively for the intended audience and purpose. 4. Teamwork: Our graduates will be effective team participants. You should be able to participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams, and reflect on your own teamwork, and on the teams processes and ability to achieve outcomes. 5.Ethical, social and environmental responsibility: Our graduates will have a sound awareness of ethical, social, cultural and environmental implications of business issues and practice. You should be able to: a. Identify and assess ethical, environmental and/or sustainability considerations in business decision-making and practice, and b. Consider social and cultural implications of business and /or management practice. 6. Leadership: Our graduates will have an understanding of effective leadership. (MBA and MBA programs only). You should be able to reflect on your personal leadership experience, and on the capabilities necessary for leadership.For more information on the postgraduate coursework program learning goals and outcomes, see Part B of the course outline. The following table shows how your course learning outcomes relate to the overall program learning goals and outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed: Program Learning Goals and Outcomes This course helps you to achieve the following learning goals for all GAB postgraduate coursework students: 1 Knowledge Course Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course, you should be able to: Course Assessment Item This learning outcome will be assessed in the following items: Understand and explain concepts and theories concerning the global business environment.Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international busin ess literature. Case presentation Term paper Exam Critical thinking and problem solving Apply conceptual frameworks and theories to current events in the global business environment and to actual behavior of firms that engage in international operations. Display improved skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving. AAA Written communication Oral communication Demonstrate improved skills in independent research and communication. Demonstrate improved skills in Term paper b Case presentation Part of seminar independent research and communication. Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature. Teamwork participation mark but not separately assessed Sanderson the processes of working within a team or group and show evidence of ability to collaborate with others. Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature. Not specifically assessed b. Ethical, environmental and sustainability responsibility Social and cultural awareness 3 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES 3. 1 Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course This course is based on the most recent research and practice regarding business and management issues related to Ones. It combines multiple theoretical perspectives with practical cases, enabling students to understand how the conceptual tools work in practice.The course is taught with a participant-centered approach. The core of the course is student participation in both lectures and seminars. Throughout group work, case studies, and class discussion, students will be able to bring in their existing knowledge and contextual their theoretical analysis. Students with practical experience will e invited to share their experience with the class. The course sets clear expectations, goals, and learning outcomes for students. These are centered on the expectation that students for their future careers will want to equip themselves with the skills to deal with corporate challenges in an international context.Students will therefore be encouraged to develop analytical and presentation skills through individual research and as part Of a team. Continuous assessment during the course is done with the aim to support students in developing these skills, with timely feedback from both instructor and peer students provided. 3. 2 Learning Activities and Teaching Strategies Lectures which introduce theoretical and analytical concepts, and link the course content to current business practice. The modes of teaching for this course are: 4 Seminars which allow students to link their own experience to new conceptual tools and modes of analysis. Individual assignment which allows students to develop skills to conduct in-depth research on a selected topic.

Julian Emperors essays

Julian Emperors essays The Julian Emperors were the emperors of Rome that were related to Julius Caesar, hence the name. There were four of them that ruled from A.D.14 to A.D.68. Some of them were related to him vaguely, but legally they were still related to him. The first person in the Julian Empire was Tiberius. He was born in Rome on November 16, 42. When he was four, his mother divorced his father and married the Emperor Augustus. He had Tiberius educated on the art of war, and had him command an expedition to Armenia where he fought the Pannonians. While he was fighting, Augustus made Tiberius end his happy marriage to Vipsania Agrippa, the daughter of the Roman general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Augustus then had him marry his daughter, Julia. Then When he came back seven years later, he found out that his wife had been banished for adultery, and that one of two of Augustus grandsons had died. Then two years later, Augustus other grandson had died. Tiberius was adopted in A.D.4 by Augustus so he would receive the throne. After that he went to go fight the Germans to get revenge on them for taking out the Roman general Publius Quinctilius Varus army. After that he went back into Germany two more times and defeated them. Several years later , he was pronounced a triumph, the highest honor for a victorious warrior. Augustus died in A.D.14 and Tiberius was succeeded to the throne. Things looked a lot better for Rome after he was appointed. He was rebellious against other parts of the empire and was keeping Rome safe, and was managing their money wisely. But during the later part of his rule, there were a lot of conspiracies and executions. Tiberius left Rome in A.D.26 to go to Campania, and then the year after that he moved to Capreae. He left the power of the throne to Lucius Aelius Sejanus, but later he realized that he was trying to steal the imperial power. Tiberius kill ...

On-line gaming is a time waster Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On-line gaming is a time waster - Research Paper Example Online gaming refers to the games that are played over the internet. It has become a popular and successful source of entertainment for people of all ages but it is more popular among the school or college going students. All you need is a computer with an internet connection. It has the ability to link players together from any part of the world. Because of this, almost everybody is into it. Its implausible characteristics make a lot of students become addictive to it. It does not only provide entertainment, but also gives a chance to socialize with anyone, present anywhere in the world. Online gaming has created a huge problem of time wastage in the world. With the growing trends of these games and the introduction of latest graphics and innovations, these games attract more and more people, especially children, towards them. Computer gaming has become an industry. Many big companies are eager to invest in it. This leads to the developing of new versions of the already existing games as well as the development of brand new games. Parents are found complaining about the falling grades of their children as they spend majority of their time in front of a computer, playing games for many hours in a row, eyes fixed on the screens, so involved in their games that they forget about everything else around them. They forget to eat, they forget to take proper sleep, and are least interested about their homework or studies. All they care about is gaining expertise in the game they play so that they could become the next online gaming champion.

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Branding - Essay Example In fairly competitive product/service market, product branding is an essential marketing tool for building consumer trust and loyalty on a product (Aronczyk and Devon 75). The concept of branding would is a marketing principle that is used by companies both in the product and price competitive industry. However, depending on the nature of competition in the market place, the effectiveness of branding is determined by either price or commodity nature of competition. In a price-competitive market economy, product branding is rendered ineffective since it is cost-ineffective. This is because consumers are price elastic, therefore, they are more sensitive to price differential property that to building image and brand loyalty. This implies that in a price competitive market, unlike product competitive market, consumers’ purchasing parity and choices are highly influenced by their ability to buy and hence product insensitive (Aronczyk and Devon 56). Advertising or any product promotional methods aimed at winning consumer’s trust and building product image among the consumers is uneconomical in a price competitive market but effective in a com modity competitive

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Example for Free

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Samos, Ionia around 580 b.c. Thales, who was another philosopher was the main teacher of Pythagoras. Pythagoras went to study further in Egypt so Thales couldnt teach him anymore. In Pythagoras teenage years, he began to become known for his philosophic ideas. He also succeeded in math, astronomy, wrestling, and music. In music, he figured out that when a string is vibrating, the longer or shorter it is makes a difference in the tune of the note. In astronomy, he taught that the earth was a sphere, and in math he compared the difference between composite and prime numbers, discovered irrational numbers, and proved the Pythagorean Theorem. This stated that when the two shorter sides in a right triangle were squared and then added, it would equal the square of the longest side or hypotenuse. This was known earlier, but he was the first one to really prove it was true. He soon moved from his home in Italy to a place called Crotona. In Crotona, he found a wife named Theano and founded a school based on philosophy and religion. While in Crotona he discovered many things and even had some followers. Pythagoras followers called themselves the Pythagoreans. In order to become a Pythagorean , you had to follow a couple of strict rules. One of the rules was silence. This meant that you could never share any of your own ideas with the others and that you could only listen to your fellow Pythagoreans. Another rule was avoiding the ingestion of meat. An interesting thing about his school was that if you joined you were automatically a Pythagorean so that meant if you were a student, youd have to obey the rules also. His followers also believed in reincarnation. Reincarnation- when one dies, their soul is transferred to another human beings body. Pythagoras died in Metapontum, Lucania in 500 b.c. Historians think that he  fled and just barely escaped death when violence broke out in Crotona. When he died, a lot of his ideas were forgotten. We will always miss our dear Pythagorus.

Filial Ingratitude in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear essay

Filial Ingratitude in Shakespeare's King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's King Lear, the main plot, which is focused around the error of King Lear, is mirrored by the subplot, which is based on the Earl of Gloucester's mistake. The main plot parallels the subplot in order to reiterate one of the main themes of the play, filial ingratitude.   At first, both Gloucester & Lear are unaware that their disloyal offspring are taking advantage of them, and they have wrongfully accused their virtuous heirs.   When they discover their mistakes however, it is too late to correct them.  Ã‚      In Act I, Scene I, Goneril claims, "Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter...a love that makes breath poor, and speech unable; beyond all manner of so much I love you" lines 54-60.   Regan, her evil counterpart also declares, " [I] alone felicitate in your dear highness' love" lines 73-74.   Cordelia, his honest daughter cannot grant him such unfounded flattery and relies, "I love your majesty according to my bond; nor more nor less" lines 89-90.   Lear enraged at her answer, b...

Diabetes Presentation Essay

Learning Team A was tasked to create a 15-20 slide presentation of a major health issue  prevalent in the United States. The group  chose the disease diabetes.  Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body  uses blood glucose. The glucose in your body is  important because it is an important source of  energy for the cells that make up our muscles and  tissues. It is the main source of fuel for our brain. Mellitus- Also known as Type 1 Diabetes, TD1; formerly insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile  diabetes.  Is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing  beta cells in the pancreas. The subsequent lack of  insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. Polyuria (Frequent Urination) Polydipsia (Increased Thirst) Fatigue Weight Loss Blurred Vision Smell of acetone on the breath Abdominal Pain Nausea Diabetes Mellitus- Also known as  Type 2;formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes  mellitus (NIDDM),or adult-onset diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus-Is a metabolic disorder that is  characterized by high blood sugar disorder where it  is insulin resistance and relative to the lack of  insulin. Polyuria (Frequent Urination) Vaginal Infections Fatigue Blurred Vision Weight Loss Itchiness Peripheral Neuropathy Glycosuria Gestational  diabetes starts when your body is not  able to make and use all the insulin it needs for  pregnancy. Without enough insulin, glucose cannot  leave the blood and be changed  to energy. Glucose builds up in the blood to high  levels. This is called hyperglycemia. Gestational  diabetes affects the mother in late  pregnancy, after the baby’s body has been formed,  but while the baby is busy growing. untreated or  poorly controlled gestational diabetes can hurt your  baby. When you have gestational diabetes, your  pancreas works overtime to produce insulin, but the  insulin does not lower your blood glucose levels. levels. Although  insulin does not cross the placenta,  glucose and other nutrients do. So extra blood  glucose goes through the placenta, giving the baby  high blood glucose levels. This causes the  baby’s pancreas to make extra insulin to get rid of  the blood glucose. Since the baby is getting more  energy than it needs to grow and develop, the extra  energy is stored as fat. This  can lead to macrosomia, or a â€Å"fat†Ã‚  baby. Babies with macrosomia face health problems  of their own, including damage to their shoulders  during birth. Because of the extra insulin made by  the baby’s pancreas, newborns may have very low  blood glucose levels at birth and are also at higher  risk for breathing problems. Babies with excess  insulin become children who are at risk  for obesity and adults who are at risk for type 2  diabetes. Gestational diabetes  doesn’t cause  noticeable signs or symptoms. Rarely,  gestational diabetes may cause  excessive thirst or increased urination. According to the National Diabetes Education Program these are the risk factors for diabetes: 45 years old or older. Overweight – BMI > 23 for Asian American, 26 for Pacific Islander, or 25 for anyone else.  Have a parent, brother, or sister with the disease. Family background is African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander. I have had diabetes while pregnant (gestational  diabetes) or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds  or more. Have  been told that blood glucose (blood sugar)  levels are higher than normal. Have high blood pressure. Cholesterol levels are not normal – HDL (â€Å"good†)  cholesterol levels less than 35 or triglyceride level  higher than 250. Fairly inactive, physically active less than 3 times a  week. Have polycystic ovary syndrome (a set of symptoms  related to a hormonal imbalance that occurs in  females of reproductive age). The  skin around the neck or in armpits appears dirty  no matter how much it is scrubbed. The skin  appears dark, thick, and velvety. This is called  acanthosis nigricans. Have been told that have blood vessel problems  affecting the heart, brain, or legs. Set  a weight loss goal – The key to preventing  diabetes is to lose weight by eating healthy foods  that are lower in fat and calories and being  physically active. Set a goal that you can achieve,  they recommend 5 to 10 percent of your current  weight. Make healthy food choices – There are many weight  loss plans to choose from, but the DPP (Diabetes  Prevention Plan) showed that you can prevent or  delay the onset of diabetes by losing weight through  a low-fat, reduced calorie eating plan. Move  more – Try to get at least 30 minutes of  moderate-intensity physical activity five days a  week. If you have not been active, start off slowly,  building up to your goal. Any physical activity that  gets your heart rate up will do; walking, dancing,  swimming, biking, etc. You don’t have to do all 30  minutes at once, doing 10 minute sessions  throughout the day is fine. Diabetes is a endocrine systems disorder but affects all systems of the body: Eyes- Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in your eyes. This damage can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, structural changes to your retina, even blindness. When blood vessels are damaged, nerve signals can’t reach your eyes. In addition, having diabetes can lead to a buildup of pressure from fluid, which can compress nerves and other structures in your eye. Having a high level of blood sugar makes your kidneys work harder to filter your blood, and they can become overworked. This can lead to chronic kidney disease and complete failure. Having diabetes can also cause damage to your liver and cause a condition called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This means your liver is having difficulty processing fats. You may develop scar tissue on your liver and a condition called cirrhosis. Too much glucose circulating in the blood can damage any of the nerves in your body. This can lead to numbness, tingling and pain, especially in the legs and feet. If you develop cuts or sores you may not feel them, and they may heal very slowly. You may lose sensation in these areas, and if the damage is severe enough, amputations may be necessary. In  conclusion, diabetes can be potentially deadly  disease, effecting the whole body if left untreated. It  can however be easily managed through diet and  exercise, perhaps even avoided entirely by  practicing healthy eating habits and maintaining  regular exercise throughout life.