Human_Resource_Development_in_UAE 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human_Resource_Development_in_UAE 2 - Essay Example This shall help generate ideas about the significance of employee retention in public and private organizations in UAE in regard to HRD. This would also serve as a practical guide for managers working in different sectors in UAE. While examining these concepts of HRM, it is important to instill an understanding, whether if these elements of Human Resource Development are an integral part of UAE or not. Due to increasing number of foreign workers in UAE, the concept of training and development is not seen incorporated by the public and private sectors. This argument is debatable and is subject to scrutiny. Research indicates that Human Resource Development is serving as a challenge in many sectors in UAE but the Strategic Plan, 2015 that was instilled by the government is focusing on the shortcomings in the management practices (Data Matrix Group, 2014). This plan hopes to cater all private and public sector regarding organizational policies and growth. It is also seen that UAE has taken initiative in incorporating a strategic plan to overcome skills shortages and promote training and development in organizations (Sinha, 2004). In order to develop the concept of HRD in the country, the employers of public and private sectors are required to first impart awareness regarding training and development and then initiate such programs that address this concept. According to Storey & Sisson (1993), training makes an employee more motivated to work pro-actively in their workforce as it polishes their cognitive, technical and interpersonal skills. According to Bateman & Strasser, (1984, p. 95), training gives rise to organizational commitment which is an important part of an organization which is multi-dimensional and demonstrates an employee’s loyalty to the organization. An employee who is committed to attaining organizational goals is supposedly more satisfied with his performance. Moreover, he also makes an effort to maintain this relationship by working

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Do you think corporations and government agencies should offer diversity training? If so, how can we develop diversity training that fosters mutual respect? Can you suggest practical ways to develop workplaces undivided by gender and race-ethnicity? Yes, I believe that government agencies as well as corporations should offer some type of diversity training. Through diversity training you can ensure a health and warm and inviting workplace. Since the workplace is already filled with stereotypes on the keys to success diversity training will help with the competitiveness that always thrives inside the work place. It will help teach the employees how to get along, work cooperate, get along, and work in sync with different age groups, the opposite sex, and ethnicities. â€Å"Diversity training has the potential to build bridges (Henslin, 2013). † The function behind offering diversity training is to help foster community. A healthy well managed work environment that will foster and increase the work output. It’s to help educate the employees on how to develop connections to people of various ages and backgrounds. Another key function is how to draw upon your co-workers aspect and work ethics to smooth out business production through shared unity. Though even with good intentions conflicts can exists. Some manager whose been told he has to take a course of diversity training may feel as though it’s a punishment. They may feel like in their job they have wronged someone and they are being reprimanded; thus they have to take diversity training. What you need to be aware of in diversity training is not to encourage or develop stereo types. The intention of diversity training is to encourage and develop understanding and unity in the work place. Role reversal and having participant make derogatory comments to the other my inflict scars and demote rather than promote understanding. So stay clear of antagonistic role play (Smart, 1997). Instead of role play do course match up. Match up employees from various levels in their career, age, sex, and ethnicity into groups. These groups should be assigned a unified task to complete during the diversity training. Have them get to know one another likes and dislikes and so forth. Assign them common tasks to complete jointly that exist within the corporation (Skills, 1968). Let them assign key task amongst each other that play upon each person strengths. Have them present their project at the end of the training session before the rest of the groups (Skills, 1968). Judge them by their ability to play upon the other’s strengths and the completeness of their projects. At the end of the diversity training session have them do peer assessment’s on one another. The symbolic aspect of this is they have meet new people they normally do not work with in their department. They work with new people from various skill levels. It fosters development in understanding of various backgrounds and ethnicity. It encourages unity and mutual respect for peers. Everything that you are trying to aide and foster through the diversity training can be reached by group project assignments. ? Bibliography Henslin, J. M. (2013). Essencial to Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach tenth edition. Pearson. Skills. (1968). International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. Volume 6, pp. 296-302. Smart, W. (1997, September 1). Businessmanagementdaily. com. Retrieved August 11, 2013, from Business Management Daily: www. businessmanagementdaily. com

Wal Mart Stores Inc Essay -- Business Finance Marketing Essays

Wal Mart Stores Inc Abstract Explores the marketing strategies employed by Wal-Mart Corporation and their efforts to compete in the â€Å"new† economy. Includes an assessment of Wal-Mart’s expressed and apparent positioning and value proposition based upon internal documents, public relations statements, web page and advertising. Includes an assessment of Wal-Mart’s competitive position and strategy. Includes an assessment of Wal-Mart’s marketing mix. Introduction The new economy, characterized by sophisticated technology, global communication and â€Å"knowledge as a commodity† demands a great deal from organizations that intend to remain competitive. Wal-Mart corporation does not just compete in their field, they dominate it. Wal-Mart is the largest retail operation in the world today. According to the Wal-Mart corporate website at http://www.walmartstores.com, the company’s net sales totaled $191.329 billion for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2001. This makes Wal-Mart the fourth largest company in the United States of America. The size and consistent profit generation of Wal-Mart Corporation make it a logical choice for the study of marketing techniques employed by successful businesses. Definitions Marketing mix: How much is spent and what percentage of marketing dollars go to advertising instead of other types of more highly targeted marketing communications. (Hill and Rifkin, 1999) New Economy: The way that business is conducted, characterized by a dozen or so themes: a) knowledge as a commodity b) digitalization c)virtuality d) molecularization e) networking f) disintermediation g)hyper media h) innovation i) customer as product designer j) immediate, k) global and l) discordant. (Tapscott, 1997) Organizational Culture: A common perception held by the organization’s members; a system of shared meaning. (Robbins, 2001) Discussion Method To assess an organization’s marketing strategies we look at three separate aspects of its approach to reaching the public. First, an examination of the company’s expressed or apparent position and value proposition are studied. This is accomplished using various documents, including, but not limited to internal documents, public relations statements, web pages and advertising. Next, a study of the company’s competitive position and strategy is conducted. This includes the dimensions of the... ...905-4 Longo, D. (2001, October), ACNielson Unveils Wal-Mart Solution. Retail Merchandiser 41 10, 10 Neff, J., (2001, August). Rivals shut out Wal-Mart. Advertising Age, 72 35, 8 Neff, J., (2001, October). Private party at Wal-Mart. Advertising Age, 72 44, 8 Petzinger, Jr., T. (1999). The new pioneers: The men and women who are transforming the workplace and the marketplace. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84636-5 Robbins, S. (2001). Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-016680-4 Senge, P. (1994). The fifth discipline. New York. Currency Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-260905-4 Sparks, D. (1994, December). Life after Sam. Financial World. 52-54. References (continued) Tapscott, D. (1997, November-December). Strategy in the new economy. Strategy & Leadership. Treacy, M. (1995, September). Success through cannibalism. Marketing Magazine, 100. 17. United States Securities and Exchange Commission (2001), Form 10-K/A, Washingtion Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Hoovers Business Resource, 2002 ed. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Annual Report, 2000 ed. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Annual Report, 2001 ed.

Discussion Non Economic Development Essay

* Why might a country in an early stage of economic and technical development want to limit importation of goods from more developed countries? They might want to sale the same products that these developed countries already have mastered and marketed well. It might be in there interest to enact protectionist legislation. They want to be able sale as much of their domestic product without competition from dominant developed countries firms. This would increase the market share available to sale to their citizens. * When the U.  S. enacts tariffs on lumber imported from Canada who in the U. S. benefits from that tariff (not counting the government itself since that’s where the money paid as a tariff goes)? Who’s hurt? U. S. lumber companies and its stakeholders all benefit from tariffs enacted by the Federal government against lumber imported. This makes U. S. lumber companies more competitive and limits the amount of Canadian lumber able to enter US markets. US consumers are hurt by these tariffs we are not able to get the best possible price. It is not good for commerce in general for the government to be creating artificial prices. The market should be creating prices through supply and demand from interactions between buyers and sellers. * What is the impact of global commerce on world peace? Global commerce is helpful in some areas but it can be the thing that will start the next world war. For centuries man has been fighting over the right to control markets and be able to do business in certain parts of the world. There are obviously not enough resources for every country to be strong producers of products as the United States. It is a fact of capitalism that everyone cannot be the rich. Every country can’t be sellers of the same product. The closest possible thing we can do is get some equality. I do not see how developing countries can advance to the level of US-like status without the US or other developed countries declining.

Food assignment SC300 Essay

Do you ever wonder where your food comes from? There are so many different and yummy foods out there for us to enjoy, but it is also good for us to know where they come from. There are many things to consider when choosing the food you consume; economical and agricultural research, animal health, water resources and the importing and exporting of your food. In New York there are many farmers markets all year round that help distribute much of the fruits and vegetables while still using imports from other countries. The USDA, United States Department of Agriculture, provides us with many guidelines on the importing process. When importing meat, poultry and eggs there are five basic steps to follow: it must originate from certified countries, the APHIS, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, must be contacted, countries and establishment become eligible by a ‘equivalence determination process’, goods have to reach the labeling requirements and after meeting these expectations it then is inspected one last time by FSIS, Food Safety and Inspection Service. There are certain countries that are eligible to export meat, poultry and eggs to our country. Canada is actually the only country to produce eggs for the U.S. For meat and poultry we can receive our goods from a variety of countries from Australia to Uruguay. The packaging of meat, poultry and eggs is also important, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves all food packaging material before being shipped. The manufacture has to send a petition along with the food ready to be shipped. â€Å"Packaging materials entering a meat or poultry plant must be accompanied or covered by a guaranty or statement of assurance from the packaging supplier. The guaranty must state that the material complies with the FFDCA. It must also state the brand name, supplier, and conditions for use, including temperature and other limits† (New York State). With following all the steps properly we should be able to receive and consume healthy food. New York State Department of Agriculture has guidelines to disturbing food locally, country wide and international. As a food distributer you have to be licensed and registered. In New York there are numerous amounts of farmers markets working together to distribute fresh healthy food to the people, all year round. Fruits and Vegetables are among the main components of the farmers markets. They provide activities and services to get the food to schools, factories and get them ready for international trade. And all food goes through the proper inspection before the selling of it. New York farmers markets are very thorough in that they give you list of when and where the markets will be held and what times of the year certain products will be available. There are also ecological and economic advantages and disadvantages to locally grown food and imported foods. In New York one of the disadvantages in eating the locally grown food is that some of the lakes surrounding us are not fresh. Some of them are contaminated to the point that you can’t swim in them. It creates a chemical and physical imbalance within the ecosystem forcing New York to outsource water from the bigger lakes, like the Great Lakes or the Finger Lakes. So making sure that the water resources we have are fresh and ready for drinking and the watering of the crops is important. That’s where the advantages come in and there is endless supply of fresh water for the crops and drinking. The ecosystems survive better with the fresh water and the food web can establish itself. When we look at the advantages and disadvantages from an economic stand point in New York the weather can become a common denominator. The weather in New York can be drastic in the winter with the Lake effect just waiting to kick in. But, New York is also known for the farmers markets that are all year round. The summers are hot and the winters are bitterly cold but with all the farming land surrounding the big NY it’s hard not to take advantage of the weather. When we think about our food and all the options we have how do we decide what’s best for our families? We have choices to make when purchasing food; when we buy chicken do we get organic or not? These choices do impact us globally; hence â€Å"Think Globally, Act Locally.† Our environment is important and it’s also the nesting ground for our food source. We as the people should make sure our actions and decisions gear toward protecting the world we live in. When purchasing our food I do believe that the best would be organic. It supplies our animals with the healthiest appetite to provide the best produce to us. Farmers markets are the best way to support your town or community and making sure you also are getting healthy food for you family. Everything plays apart with something else and making sure we do our part would be making sure we are the healthiest we can be. References New York State. (n.d.). Department of Agriculture and Markets. In New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from http://www.agriculture.ny.gov/TheDepartment.html. Trefil, J., & Hazen, R.M. (2011). The Sciences: An integrated approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USDA. (n.d.). Importing Goods. In United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=IMPORTING_GOODS.

The story of Zahra -book review essays

The story of Zahra -book review essays The Story of Zahra written by Hanan- Al Shaykh, is an insight into the fractured psyche of a young Lebanese girl, scared by the unrequited love of her mother, the many meaningless relationships she entered into, the intimidating and critical social norms of Beirut and finally by her own intense confusion, disarray and low self esteem which further aggravated her fragile state of mind It is a story about a girl who is in search of fulfillment, in search of her self, terrified of the outside world and its menacing accusations and judgments . Ever since I can remember I have felt uneasy, I have never felt anything else .It is an iconoclastic story of a person who is able to find peace and ones true self in the midst of the anarchy and chaos of a civil war. It is a bizarre account of how while the ravages of war were destroying the lives and composure of other individuals such as her brother Ahmad, at the other end of the spectrum Zahra was discovering in this abnormality her strength , self and the normalcy she had been yearning for. A large part of Zahras insecurity can find its roots in her relationship with her mother, which held many paradoxes and can perhaps be best explained as a love-hate relationship. She despised her mother for making her suffer by exposing her to her infidelity and disloyalty at such a young age, Yet at the same time she longed for her mother to shower her with the affection and love which she saw her mother was capable of possessing and expressing to her lover I would watch her when she was with me and study her when she was at distance , I thought all the while as I looked up at her of how much I wanted to draw her towards me , to draw myself closer to her... I wanted to disappear into the hem of her dress and become even closer to her than the navel is to the orange! . But whenever I began to think in this way I felt bitterness towards her and shuddered. I carried this pain an...

should smoking be ban essays

should smoking be ban essays Should smoking really be banned in public places? Tobacco which had been discovered more than five hundred years affects our daily life deeply. It was used as effective medicine initially, the relationship between illness and cigarette had been found until the early 20th century. Since then, the discussion should smoking be banned had being argued until today. One support banning claim smoking is bad for health, whereas the opposite insist that totally banning smoking will make smokers upset, violates human right and creates negative effects on the economy. A lot of people may know that there is a definite link between smoking and diseases. The NSW Cancer Council reported that about 25 diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease are caused by tobacco and nearly 10,000 people are killed by tobacco-related illnesses every day in the world. What the worse is not only the smokers can be negatively affected by smoking, the non-smokers who breathe other peoples smoke also in danger such as passive smokers have more chance to suffer from the lung cancer and the heart disease. The research shows children whose parents smoking have increased frequency of middle ear infections, bronchitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia compared with children who grow up in a non-smoke environment. That is no doubt that ban smoking can offer us a more healthy life. As a coin have two sides. The smokers claim although smoking has it negative effect on physical health, cigarette help them to resolve psychological problem in some extents as well. A smoker said smoking can help relief stresses, if those people do not smoking, some of them may try some more serious illegal drugs which may increase crime rate the addicts who grabbed by cigarette seriously find if they quit smoking, there are a lot of problems they will suffer such as: easy to get angry and worry, feel boring, get insomnia. In addition, my grandfather who is 80 said it ...

Science Explains Why You Lose Water Weight

Science Explains Why You Lose Water Weight New dieters, especially if theyre eating a low carb diet, see a dramatic initial weight loss ranging from four to 12 pounds in the first week. The initial loss is exciting, but it quickly slows to one or two pounds per week. Youve probably heard this early weight loss is water weight, rather than  fat. Where does water weight come from and why does it drop before fat? Heres the scientific explanation. Key Takeaways: Water Weight Loss On a low carbohydrate diet, the body turns to glycogen as an energy source after it expends glucose. Quick water weight loss occurs when metabolizing glycogen because the process requires water.Eating or drinking excess electrolytes can lead to water retention because the body keeps the water to maintain a set electrolyte balance as part of homeostasis.Dehydration can also lead to water retention. In this situation, the body acts to conserve water when its not being replenished. The Source of Water Weight The early weight loss from a diet can be partly fat, especially if youre exercising and reducing calories, but if youre using more energy than youre replacing as food and drink, the first weight youll lose will be water. Why? Its because the energy source your body turns to once it runs out of its relatively small store ​of ​carbohydrates (sugars) is glycogen. Glycogen is a large molecule made up of a protein core surrounded by glucose subunits. Its  stored in the liver and muscles for use during energy-intensive activities, like running away from danger and supporting the brain when food is scarce. Glycogen can be quickly metabolized to meet the bodys need for glucose, but each gram of glycogen is bound to three to four grams of water. So, if you use up your bodys glycogen stores (as when dieting or with prolonged exercising), a lot of water is released over a short amount of time. It only takes a few days of dieting for glycogen to be expended, so the initial weight loss is dramatic. Loss of water can lead to loss of inches. However, as soon as you eat enough carbohydrates (sugars or starches), your body readily replaces its glycogen stores. This is one reason people often see an initial weight gain immediately after going off a diet, particularly if it was one that restricted carbohydrates. Its not the fat coming back, but you can expect all the water you lost the first couple of days of a diet to return. Other Causes of Water Weight Changes There are many biochemical reactions in the body that affect how much water is stored or released. Natural hormonal fluctuations can have a big impact on water storage. Since the body maintains stable electrolyte levels, losing too much of an electrolyte can leave you dehydrated, while too high of intake can cause you to retain water. Diuretics are chemicals that prompt the release of water. Natural diuretics include any stimulant, such as coffee or tea. These chemicals temporarily alter the natural set point for water retention, causing slight dehydration. Alcohol also acts as a diuretic, potentially causing much greater dehydration because additional water is used to metabolize ethanol. Eating too much sodium (as from salt)  leads to water retention because water is needed to dilute the high level of the electrolyte. Low potassium, another electrolyte, can also cause fluid retention because potassium is used in the mechanism that releases water. Many medications also affect water homeostasis, potentially leading to water weight gain or loss. So do some supplements. For example, dandelion and stinging nettle are natural diuretic herbs. Because water is used for thermoregulation, heavy perspiration, whether it be from exertion or sweating in a sauna, can produce temporary weight loss from dehydration. This weight is immediately replaced after drinking water or other beverages or eating foods that contain water. A surprising cause of water retention is mild dehydration. Because water is critical to so many processes, when its not being replenished at a fast enough rate, conservation mechanisms kick in. Water weight wont be lost until adequate water is being consumed and normal hydration is achieved. After that point, research indicates drinking more water doesnt aid weight loss. Nutrition expert Beth Kitchen (the University of Alabama at Birmingham) conducted research that concluding drinking more water does burn a few more calories, but it wasnt a significant number. Her research also indicated drinking ice-cold water as opposed to room temperature water resulting in an insignificant difference in calories burned and weight lost.

Defining Categories and the Tread of Commitment Essay

Defining Categories and the Tread of Commitment - Essay Example I suppose that seeing a list of these pieces of my life is enough to assume certain things that are between the lines of the listed items. For example, being male, white, upper class and having access to our highly successful family business means that I lead a life of privilege, to some extent. Being Christian, specifically Baptist, means that I have a well-shaped sense of morality and a well-developed conscience. Being Republican and having a successful family business means that I am pro-business and believe in the importance of hard work, planning and self-sufficiency. Being young and university educated means that I have dreams and a set of skills to attain them. Being male, in these times, is often confusing. As a Christian male, I am called to leadership in family, church and community. As an ambassador of Christ, I must always set a high example to others. I have a strong responsibility to protect family, church and community, with dedication and integrity, as a soldier of Ch rist. My first loyalty, my first priority, is to God and not to worldly success or social status (Community Christian Alliance Church, nd). On the other hand, as a family businessman, I am expected to work toward increasing success, attract more business and more money, and be dedicated to the goals of our company, while still remembering that my real treasure is Christ and salvation. As a male student, I am expected to relate to other students I meet out in the world, neighbors and people I bump into somehow. I am sometimes presented with temptations and distractions that conflict with Baptist Christian values. I spend a lot of time supporting our family’s international software business, so my priorities are not totally aligned with those of many students I meet. As a 22 year old, I do not always feel confident in my leadership and ability to protect. The information I get from films, newspaper and the news tells me just how complicated the world is, and I wonder how my par ents are sure that the answers they have chosen for our family are the right ones. I have no complaints about those answers. I fit into them comfortably enough and they feel right as I live them. But I have thought, sometimes, about how, if I had been born into a different family, even a family very opposite to my own, I would have different values and maybe a different religion and I would think in a totally different way. Or if I had been adopted, and still had the same genetic material I have now, but was just raised by different people, in a different social class, maybe by Democrats or maybe by a father who works in a factory or perhaps by a single mother, then who would I be? What would I believe? How would I behave? I can give myself a headache, just thinking of all the possibilities! Fortunately I am happy to be who I am. I enjoy my studies and my work. I am interested in keeping up with the political situation in our country and abroad. I find it fascinating to gain glimpse s into other cultures, other ways of doing things. Our software business operates nationally and internationally and handles contracts in the public and government sectors, so I gain a broader exposure to the world around me than some young people my age. It also gives me an opportunity to form opinions which are an

Service letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service letters - Essay Example In addition, a good friend of the family was talking coffee with us, and she commented about the young man to me, claiming that he had once stayed with her when one of the machines broke down until it was repaired. Your juice stores have always given me excellent service and acts, as a place for me to meet my friends. I always feel comfortable even when I am not having a drink because the waiters know that I am a regular visitor. I have noticed that the waiters, including Mr. Rodman, always try to make the customer’s experience much better, which must be difficult with all the diverse people who visit the store. These groups always want different flavors, as was the case with my nephews. One of them wanted a Pina Colada, while the others wanted a Strawberry Julius and an Orange Julius respectively. Even with the long line behind us, Mr. Rodman pulled more than fifteen colored cups out of the sleeve until he had the right ones, after which he made beverages for all of us, chatting up my nephews. We were all very grateful. I find his attitude brilliant because it is not possible to train understanding and empathy, which means that this is one of your requirements for potential employees, especially as I have heard the same complements from my friends. I felt like Mr. Rodman showed maturity and understanding from his experience of serving families and small children. Even though, buying juice is not the most memorable moment of anyone’s day, I always remember to visit it every time I come to the mall. I have also learnt a lesson from this experience, which is that understanding and maturity may be more costly and elicit more opinions, but it creates loyalty for customers. This is not in any training manual, but I feel that many stores have a lot to learn from you. I know that I will stay a loyal customer to your business. Thank you. I am writing this letter as a complaint about the terrible service

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Poverty - Essay Example However, this definition lacks distinction because it does not include time and space. Living conditions that were considered normal twenty or thirty years ago might be defined as poor or belonging to poverty nowadays. In addition, a person considered poor in the United States or any other developed nation can belong to middle-class in a less developed nation. For these reasons, poverty needs to be redefined. Features like skin color, race and age can be characteristics of poverty in some countries. In addition, many governments and international institutions define poverty by classifying it in two forms, absolute and relative poverty. These differences and conditions increase the complexity of defining poverty. The current definition of poverty is superficial; all of the factors mentioned above have to be kept in mind to formulate a broader definition. Poverty is the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions in a certain point in t ime, and space, race, and age play roles in defining it. Traditionally, a person is considered poor if they have less than a certain amount of dollars to spend on a daily basis. Later, this classification was given the name poverty line. Taylor explains that The World Bank determines the poverty line based on a person having only $1 to $2 to spend on necessities each day (Taylor 200). Individuals living anywhere close to or under this line are trapped in a life of destitute and neediness. In the United States, a country with millions of poor individuals, the poverty line is calculated differently. It is based on the amount of money needed to buy basic nutrition to survive. Silverstein clarifies, â€Å"The poverty threshold is based on a minimum adequate diet, the USDAs Thrifty Food Plan. In 2004, a family of four with two preschool children would have been allotted $13.93 per day to meet its nutrition needs. That same year the poverty

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing - Assignment Example Although there has been an influx in RNs born in foreign countries and nurses over the age of 50 returning to work, the fact is younger Americans do not consider joining the nursing profession. This presents policymakers with a big dilemma. It is a fact that the current staffing ratios and patient staffing requirement are inadequate. This paper will review this statement.  In a research jointly funded by the AHRQ, the Center for Medicare and Medical Services, the Institute of Nursing Research, and the Health Recourses and Service Administration done in 1993, over six million medical and surgical patients were reviewed. According to this research, it was found that in the 799 hospitals researched, higher RN staffing was inversely proportional to the adverse patient outcome and vice versa (Hospital nurse staffing, 2013). In addition, the probability of failure to rescue was higher in hospitals that had lower nurse staffing levels. Based on these findings, adverse patient events like pneumonia in hospitals with lower RNs to patient ration were associated with a bigger financial burden. For instance, the cost of treating pneumonia increased by between around $22,390 to $28,505 for the target audience researched. In line with this research, it is a fact that, the current staffing ratios in our hospitals must be addressed not only to preserve or increase the quality of life of patients.

The public needs to know Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The public needs to know - Assignment Example lt care, pediatric, prenatal, immunization, care for adolescent, screening, and testing, a laboratory will be available and a pharmacy so all this will be available to meet the patients’ medical needs. Provision of services should cover all people in spite of their geographical location. The employees of these clinics should offer services with ultimate respect and dignity to both patients with no insurance. This clinic will be an independent hospital and should not be controlled by any organizational body (Wallace, 2009). A free clinic to serve the uninsured then volunteer nurses and doctors will be needed for a start and maybe part-time medical student to offer services. The community will also come and help raise the clinic any well-wishers can give their support to ensure the opening is successful, and all requirements are in place for effective running of services. Uninsured patients will be required to pay some fee for visits to the office. This fee should be patient friendly in that it will depend on their family size and income. Since the clinic will be taking care of the community needs, and then this is a clear indication that a patient is visiting the clinic willing since it will offer quality services that are affordable. The clinic will partner with other clinics so that in case they cannot provide medication, and then patients can be transferred to another equipped hospital to be treated. The opening of the hospital should ensure a balance between quality service provision and the number of patients (Eckenfels, 2008). The opening of this clinic will benefit a good number of patients in the neighborhood by not just providing the routine hospital services but also individual programs for the patients. Some of the programs include parenting teens with the help of partnering with the community, dealing with adolescents and providing them with advice and also taking care of homeless youths. Programs will be created to prevent subsequent pregnancies

Das Kapital by Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Das Kapital by Karl Marx - Essay Example The first volume of Das Kapital was published in 1867 at a time when the working conditions for industrial laborers were terrible and the division between the classes was growing increasingly more pronounced. It must not be forgotten that Das Kapital was a work born out of the industrial revolution. Marx begins the first chapter of Das Kapital with a statement concerning commodities. He defines a commodity as "an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of sort or another" (125). It is interesting that Marx begins the text with a discussion and definition of a commodity and after several successive chapters, it is clear to see that the commodity is one of the main driving forces behind capitalism. The commodity itself, however, is only valued according to demand or other more ethereal conditions and thus it is a perfect item for the capitalist as it presents no fixed "price" in itself, but its value is rather determined by desire and the potential for profit. To backtrack for a moment, however, a more concise definition of commodity is contained within the idea of "use value." This refers to a commodity's value in how it will be used and how it is desired but this value, according to Marx, has little to do with the actual labor that went into the production of the item. Again, while it is not immediately clear at this early point in the text, the use value versus the idea of labor are important issues because there is more distinction between the two than one might initially think. For instance, something might have a very high use-value and be greatly desired. This desire leads the capitalist to make it expensive and the laborer who made the desired commodity is not paid what the desired commodity is worth, but rather is paid living wages while the surplus profits go directly to the capitalist since he owns the means of production. While that was a very brief, concise, but altogether limited description of the process behind commodities and use value, it is useful background information to frame the discussion as this analysis continues. After this introduction to commodities and use values in Das Kapital , the idea of exchange value becomes of equal importance. As Marx puts it in one of the important quotations from "Das Kapital", "As use values, commodities are, above all, of different qualities, but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, and consequently do not contain an atom of use value" (127). In other words, it is the proportion by which use values of one kind exchange for use values of another kind. This is a vital and fluctuating relationship and has less to do with the commodity than it might initially seem. In short, the common element in a commodity's exchange-value is simply the "value" of it. This means that it all comes down to labor. This is a common tactic Marx employs, at first there a number of daunting methods for scientifically extracting a conception of value but in the end, it all boils down to questions about work and

The public needs to know Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The public needs to know - Assignment Example lt care, pediatric, prenatal, immunization, care for adolescent, screening, and testing, a laboratory will be available and a pharmacy so all this will be available to meet the patients’ medical needs. Provision of services should cover all people in spite of their geographical location. The employees of these clinics should offer services with ultimate respect and dignity to both patients with no insurance. This clinic will be an independent hospital and should not be controlled by any organizational body (Wallace, 2009). A free clinic to serve the uninsured then volunteer nurses and doctors will be needed for a start and maybe part-time medical student to offer services. The community will also come and help raise the clinic any well-wishers can give their support to ensure the opening is successful, and all requirements are in place for effective running of services. Uninsured patients will be required to pay some fee for visits to the office. This fee should be patient friendly in that it will depend on their family size and income. Since the clinic will be taking care of the community needs, and then this is a clear indication that a patient is visiting the clinic willing since it will offer quality services that are affordable. The clinic will partner with other clinics so that in case they cannot provide medication, and then patients can be transferred to another equipped hospital to be treated. The opening of the hospital should ensure a balance between quality service provision and the number of patients (Eckenfels, 2008). The opening of this clinic will benefit a good number of patients in the neighborhood by not just providing the routine hospital services but also individual programs for the patients. Some of the programs include parenting teens with the help of partnering with the community, dealing with adolescents and providing them with advice and also taking care of homeless youths. Programs will be created to prevent subsequent pregnancies

Externality and differences between the Pigovian and Cosian views Essay

Externality and differences between the Pigovian and Cosian views - Essay Example This paper discusses externalities and compares and contrasts Pigovian and Cosian Views. Externalities can cause inefficient allocation of resources, because when a negative externality is present, we produce and consume too much of the product and consequently, over-allocate resources to production. For example, when the fisherman is not aware of the effect of the fertilizers on his livelihood, he exerts more time and energy to catch fishes that has a dwindling population. His resources are inefficiently allocated. When a positive externality is present, we produce and consume too little of the product, which leads to under-allocation of resources to production. For instance, if there is a positive externality that involves one homeowner improving his property, other homeowners might not be motivated to improve their own properties. There is under-allocation of resources. Over-allocation and under-allocation of resources evidently result to inefficient allocation of resources. Furth ermore, the price system attains efficiency, if it rewards producers who can serve the customers well, mainly through providing the lowest possible prices (Baumol and Blinder 312). This system becomes faulty, when positive and negative externalities are not identified and integrated into the equation (Baumol and Blinder 312). There are diverse views on how to manage externalities. Some economists advocate for government intervention, while others want to rely on market mechanisms to correct externalities. When an externality causes the market to allocate resources inefficiently, the government can respond in one of two approaches: command-and-control policies or market-based policies (Mankiw 212). Command-and-control policies aim to regulate externalities directly by requiring or banning certain behaviors or actions (Mankiw 213). The government also uses subsidies to require positive behaviors that lead to positive externalities. Also, it is a crime to dump toxic wastes into the riv ers. The costs of pollution and adversities to health and livelihood greatly exceed the benefits to the polluter. Still, it is not always easy to control and monitor all negative externalities. For instance, every transportation vehicle produces some sort of externality or pollution by-products and it will not be feasible to eradicate or ban them all. As a result, the government creates government agencies that develop and implement policies that protect the environment, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the U.S. Other forms of government intervention that regulates externalities are market-based policies. They seek to align private incentives with social efficiency (Mankiw 213). For instance, the government can internalize externality by taxing activities that produce negative externalities, or it can subsidize activities that generate positive externalities (Mankiw 213). Taxes that internalize negative externalities are called corrective taxes (Mankiw 213). They are also called Pigovian taxes, after the economist, Arthur Pigou, who is one of the first advocates of such taxes. An ideal corrective tax would equal the external costs of activities that lead to negative externalities, while an ideal corrective subsidy would equal the external benefit of activities that produce positive externalities (Mankiw 213). This paper proceeds to explore the similarities between

The Napoleonic Era Essay Example for Free

The Napoleonic Era Essay Napoleon’s impact has been so great that an entire historical time period bears his name, the Napoleonic Era. For over a decade, he was to be the master of Europe—but he was also a man. During the Triumvirate and Despotate in 1799 to 1804 CE and 1804 to 1815 CE, respectively, Napoleon made several errors (Rose, 2006). First of all, he suffered greatly due to an impediment at Eylau, Leipzig, Borodino, and the ultimately at Waterloo.   Napoleon’s decision not to establish a treaty with other players such as Austria (in a Paris-Vienna axis) in the balance of power was his first major setback. The treaty could have helped him maintain the power of Britain and simultaneously gain and improve his peripherals and palatinates within Italy. Not only will this improve his power over Italy but also to the Autarchy of Naples, Dutch-Belgian demarcation, the Helvetian Republic and the Piedmont Kingdom. Another mistake that he committed was the two-front war. Napoleon wages war over Russia and Iberian promontory in the year 1807 up to 1814 CE. He even made an error regarding the unity among his troops, which was divided when he appointed four different marshals having different military and social backgrounds. Napoleon also misjudged military activities by the sea, which resulted to a weak line of defense, or no defense at all, from the Mediterranean up to the Atlantic (Coakley, 1992). Second, with regards to economic warfare, Napoleon’s Berlin Blockade, then modified to Continental Blockade, ultimately produced negative effects or results for France, exciting dissidence and unrest. In the east, he failed with a tripartite incursion of the Swedish throne. He also failed with the Ottoman Empire’s symmachia that was directed to Russia. As a result, the attention of Russia was brought upon Napoleon’s intentions, putting him near the edge of winning. Lastly, Napoleon miscalculated the size of the phalanxes at the Russian Campaign (Stocqueler, 1852). This eventually rendered him unable to gain victory over Russia. In the end, all of Napoleon’s mistakes are the fruit of his unwavering ego. References Coakley, T. P. (1992). Command and Control for War and Peace: Diane Publishing Company. Rose, J. H. (2006). The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815: Adamant Media Corporation. Stocqueler, J. H. (1852). The Life of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington. New York: Ingram, Cooke and Co.

Calculation of Body Surface Area (BSA) for Blood Volume

Calculation of Body Surface Area (BSA) for Blood Volume CHAPTER 25 Calculation of Body Surface Area, Circulating Blood Volume,  Requirement of Blood Products Namita Mishra, Sudha Rawat, Vishva Nath Sharma BODY SURFACE AREA (BSA) Body surface area (BSA) is the area of the external surface of the body, expressed in square meters (m2). In physiology and medicine, the body surface area is the measured or calculated surface of human body. It is used to calculate metabolic, electrolyte, nutritional requirements, drug dosage, and expected pulmonary function measurements. BSA is a measurement used in many medical tasks. For many clinical purposes BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass. Nevertheless, there have been several important critiques of the use of BSA in determining the dosage of medications with a narrow  therapeutic index  like many chemotherapy medications. USES OF THE BSA To gain an appreciation of the true required glomerular filtration rate (GFR) renal clearance is usually divided by the BSA. To calculate a better approximation of the required cardiac output as for example in children, cardiac index is used. Cardiac output = Cardiac Index / BSA Chemotherapy is often dosed according to the patient’s BSA. Glucocorticoid dosing is also expressed in terms of BSA for calculating maintenance doses or to compare high dose use with maintenance requirement. CALCULATION OF BSA It is difficult to actually measure the surface area of the human body so various calculations have been published to arrive at the BSA without direct measurement. The most widely used is the Du Bois formula: BSA = 0.007184 X W0.425 X H0.725 A commonly used and simple one is the Mosteller formula: 0R BSA = ( [ H X W]/ 3600)1/2 Where H = Height W = weight for example : Patient’s weight = 65 Kg Patient’s height = 165 cm BSA = ([65 X 165])/3600)1/2 BSA= 1.72 m2 Recently, a weight-based formula was validated in the pediatric age group that does not include a square root, making it easier to use. It is [4Wkg+7]/[90+Wkg]. AVERAGE VALUES Average BSA for various weights: WEIGHT (Kg) BSA (m2) 1.5 4 0.13 – 0.26 4.1 – 9 0.26 – 0.48 9.1 – 14 0.48 – 0.56 14.1 – 20 0.56 – 0.71 20.1 – 26 0.71 – 0.84 26.1 34 0.84 – 1.0 34.1 – 50 1.0 – 1.4 50.1 66 1.4 – 1.63 Over 66.1 Over 1.63 EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately between 4.7 and 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males. Blood volume (BV) can be calculated given the hematocrit (HCT; the fraction of blood that is red blood cells) and plasma volume (PV): BV = PV/ (1-HCT) Diagnostic technologies are commercially available to measure human blood volume. A recent radio nucleotide study called BVA (Blood Volume Analysis)-100, provides a measure of Red Blood Cells and Plasma with 98% accuracy. BLOOD VOLUME ESTIMATION WEIGHT (kg) BLOOD VOLUME ( ml/kg) New born to 10 85 11 to 20 80 21 to 30 75 31 to 40 70 Above 40 65 CIRCULATING VOLUME OF THE CPB CIRCUIT PRIMING VOLUME: the minimum amount of fluid (hemic or non hemic fluid) used to de- air the complete cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is called priming volume or the circulating volume of CPB circuit. Priming of the CPB circuit is an important task for the perfusionist. Generally the main objectives of priming are: To deair the CPB circuit To check for any leaks in the circuit To check for any mistake in the assembling of the circuit To meet the need for the extra volume required to prime the CPB circuit as the patient’s blood volume is not sufficient enough to prime the CPB circuit. For achieving sufficient hemodilution. It is a standard practice to use a non blood CPB prime because of the benefits of hemodilution and concerns about blood borne diseases. The total priming volume is determined by the hardware selected for the circuit to be employed. Following are the tables showing the volume required to de-air various oxygenators, arterial filters and tubing. CPB CIRCUIT AND TOTAL PRIMING VOLUME WITH VARIOUS WEIGHT GROUP Weight Group (Kg) Boot Size (inches) Venous line Size (inches) Arterial line Size (inches) Total Priming Volume (ml) 0-4 1/4 1/4 1/4 450 4.1-8 3/8 1/4 1/4 600 8-12 3/8 3/8 1/4 800 12.1-25 3/8 3/8 3/8 1100 >25 1/2 1/2 3/8 1800 TUBING SIZE WITH VOLUME (ml/feet) SIZE (inch) VOLUME (ml/feet) 3/32† 1.8 1/8† 2.5 3/16† 5 1/4† 9.65 3/8† 21.7 1/2† 38.6 SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS: In cases where patient is deeply cyanotic the size of the oxygenator and tubing size is selected keeping in mind the requirement of higher degree of hemodilution and higher requirement of arterial blood flows because of the presence of large (or major) aorto-pulmonary collaterals (MAPCA’s). MAPCAs arise from the aorta or its large branches and supply blood to the pulmonary arteries, because of blockade of the main pulmonary arteries. These MAPCAs ‘steal’ part of the cardiac output of the aorta and this results in reduced systemic perfusion and thus increased pump flows are required during CPB in cyanosed patients with MAPCAs to compensate for this ‘stolen’ cardiac output. CACULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCT REQUIREMENT The hematocrit (HCT), also known as packed cell volume (PCV) or erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF) is the volume percentage (%) of red blood cells in blood. It is normally about 45% for men and 40% for women. It is considered an integral part of a person’s complete blood count along with hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Haemoglobin concentration is reduced as a normal consequence of CPB with hemodilution. Thus the hematocrit that will result from the hemodilution caused due to priming volume of the CPB circuit should be determined. Several calculations are required to assess hemodilution and blood product requirements. To determine the effects of hemodilution, the volume concentration formula is used. C1 X Pt BV = C2 X TVon CPB Where Pt BV = patient’s blood volume ( patient’s body weight X blood volume factor) TVon CPB = total volume on CPB (total priming volume + patient’s total blood volume) C1 = Pre bypass hematocrit of the patient (%) C2 = calculated hemodilutional hematocrit (%) A decision must be made initially regarding the desired hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass. Based on the results of the randomized clinical study from Children’s Hospital, Boston ,it seems reasonable to consider a hematocrit of 25% to be the minimal acceptable hematocrit for any cardiopulmonary bypass condition. When the desired hematocrit has been selected the amount of bank blood that must be added to the prime should be calculated. Prime RBC vol = {[C3]x[Pt BV + PV]} {Pt RBC vol} Where Prime RBC vol = volume of blood required in prime C3 = desired HCT on bypass Pt BV = patient’s blood volume ( patients body weight X blood volume factor) PV = total priming volume of the CPB circuit to be used Pt RBC vol = patient’s blood volume X patient’s pre bypass hematocrit For example: Patient’s weight = 5 Kg Pre bypass hematocrit (C1) = 40% Patients blood volume (Pt BV) = 5 X 85 = 425 ml (85 is blood volume factor for 5 Kg) PV (total priming volume of the CPB circuit to be used) = 600ml TVOn CPB = (600 + 425) = 1025ml Calculated hemodilutional HCT (%) (C2) = C1 X Pt BV / TVon CPB = 40 X 425 / 1025 = 16.5 % 16.5 is the hematocrit on bypass. If there is a certain desired hematocrit, then to achieve that hematocrit, the amount packed RBCs if needed for the same patient can be calculated as follows: C3 (desired HCT) = 30 % Pt BV = 425 ml PV = 600 ml TV On CPB = (Pt BV + PV) = (425 + 600) = 1025 ml Pt RBC vol = 425 X 0.40 = 170 Prime RBC vol = {[C3]X [Pt BV + PV]}-{Pt RBC vol} = {[0.30] X [1025]}-{170} = 137.5 Volume of RBCs needed in prime = 137.5 The hematocrit of packed RBCs is 70% thus 137.5/0.70 = 196 ml 196 ml of packed RBCs are needed to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Thus, 196 ml of the clear prime fluid is removed from the priming volume to account for the added packed RBCs. Therefore the calculation of priming volume now has 196 ml of packed RBCs and 404 ml of prime (crystalloid or colloid). In some cyanotic cases where the patient’s pre bypass hematocrit is more, the blood is diluted to obtain an optimal hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass in order to decrease the viscosity of the blood to improve tissue perfusion and to prevent hemolysis. Thus the effect of priming fluid added to dilute the blood can also be calculated as: TVon CPB X C4 = TVon CPB 1 X C5 WHERE TVon CPB = total volume on CPB (total priming volume + patient’s total blood volume) = 1025ml C4 = Hematocrit (of cyanotic patient) on bypass = 0.60 TVon CPB1 = total volume on CPB after adding 500 ml of priming fluid to the CPB circuit. TVon CPB1 = (1025 + 500) = 1525 ml C5 = the new (affected) Hematocrit Thus C5 = (1025 X 0.60) / 1525 = 0.40 40 % is the new hematocrit achieved after adding 500 ml of priming fluid. FIBRINOGEN A critical consideration is plasma fibrinogen dilution. Normal plasma fibrinogen levels are 150-400 mg./dL. The infant/ pediatric patients relative low blood volume with priming requirements of the ECC circuit causes the fibrinogen concentration to be adversely diluted. During CPB, it is desirable to maintain the plasma fibrinogen concentration above 100 mg./dL. in order to prevent impairment of post-CPB hemostasis. Given an example of a 5 Kilogram patient with blood volume of (5 x 85) 425 ml, pre bypass hematocrit of 55%, hematocrit on CPB of 25%, priming volume of 800ml of the circuit to be used for CPB and fibrinogen level of 275 mg/dl. To calculate the effect of priming, patient’s plasma volume is calculated by following formula: BV = PV/ (1-HCT) PV = (1-HCT) X BV Thus PV = (1-0.55) X 425 = 191ml PV = 191ml Patient’s fibrinogen = 191 X 275 mg/100ml = 525 mg Number of milligrams required = (425 + 800 ) X (1.00-0.25) = 9.19 dl If the goal is 100mg/dl, then 919 mg of fibrinogen are needed. Amount of fibrinogen to be added = 919 – 525 = 394mg. 394 mg of fibrinogen must be added to the prime to achieve a goal of 100 mg per dl. FFP usually contains 200 mg of fibrinogen per dl. Thus ml of FPP needed = (394/200) X 100 = 197 ml. Now for the calculation of priming volume the 197ml of the prime fluid (crystalloid or colloid) is replaced by FPP. Thus the clear prime volume becomes 603ml. Suggested reading Jianfeng Wang, Eiji Hihara. A unified formula for calculating body surface area of humans and animal. Eur j Appl Physiol.2004;92:13-17 Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 1974; 37(2):247-248. Tarazi RC .Pulmonary blood volume. Eur Heart J.1985Oct;6SupplC:43 Tarazi RC . Blood volume.. Eur Heart J.1985;6SupplC:41-42

Essay --

â€Å"Depression is a prison where you are both the suffering prisoner and the cruel jailer.† -Dorthy Rowe. The Great Depression was a hard and sad time for everyone around the 1930s. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as president, his campaign said, â€Å"Happy Days Are Here Again†. He was very hopeful, that in the early part of President Roosevelt’s campaign he instituted the New Deal to help America get back on its feet. The New Deal had two phases: phase one and phase two. President Roosevelt established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Social Security Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act. President Roosevelt established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), it was established in 1933 to prevent the same losses during the Great Depression when banks became bankrupt and they couldn’t give money back to the people. The FDIC provided up to $250,000 in bank deposits. These bank deposits covered for national banks, state banks that is in the Federal Reserve System, and other qualified banks. In 2007, the FDIC took... Essay -- â€Å"Depression is a prison where you are both the suffering prisoner and the cruel jailer.† -Dorthy Rowe. The Great Depression was a hard and sad time for everyone around the 1930s. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as president, his campaign said, â€Å"Happy Days Are Here Again†. He was very hopeful, that in the early part of President Roosevelt’s campaign he instituted the New Deal to help America get back on its feet. The New Deal had two phases: phase one and phase two. President Roosevelt established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Social Security Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act. President Roosevelt established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), it was established in 1933 to prevent the same losses during the Great Depression when banks became bankrupt and they couldn’t give money back to the people. The FDIC provided up to $250,000 in bank deposits. These bank deposits covered for national banks, state banks that is in the Federal Reserve System, and other qualified banks. In 2007, the FDIC took...

The H Reflex Test Health And Social Care Essay

The H-reflex trial as Delwaide. , and Fisher. , explained can be utile for the nonsubjective step of motor neuron hyperex-citability Although assorted techniques for this survey have been introduced, the ratio of the maximal amplitude of H-reflex to maximum M-amplitude ( H/M ratio ) is most practical because of the easier technique. H/M ratios tend to be increased in patients with CNS lesions and upper motor nerve cell marks, and enlisting curves are altered in a mode consistent with increased irritability of the cardinal motor nerve cell pool. Conversely, H reflexes during cataplexy are depressed. H-reflex surveies in patients with CNS disfunction have been helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of these upsets. Many Potential benefits could deduce from RSWT, compared with ESWT, because it is less painful consequence and therefore can be administered without anaesthesia, thereby cut downing the hazards of intervention for patients. Furthermore, due to the radial emanation of RSWT, the calcification, one time located radiographically, is certainly included inside the moving ridge extension country. Contrarily, when the daze moving ridge is focused, as occurs in the ESWT, refocusing of the applier is sporadically necessary to be certain that the moving ridges hit the calcification. [ 37 ] Furthermore, no ultrasound usher is needed to execute curative applications of RSWT. [ 13 ] A direct consequence of daze moving ridges on fibrosis and on the rheological belongingss of the chronic hypertonic musculuss in CP should be considered together with the documented curative consequence on bone and sinew diseases. [ 15-19, 38-39 ] Possible repressive effects of daze moving ridges on hypertonic musculuss and sinews might be attributed to the consequence of mechanical stimulations of daze moving ridges on the musculus fibres following to the sinew that can non be excluded as suggested by ( Leone and Kukulka. [ 40 ] Besides uninterrupted or intermittent tendon force per unit area produced by daze moving ridge could diminish the spinal irritability without durable clinical or neurophysiological effects. Another possible mechanism was the mechanical vibratory stimulation, which reduces irritability of motor nerve cells and induces the alteration of F moving ridge. [ 40 ] Despite transitory and short enduring repressive continuance of mechanical vibratory stimulation on musculus, the clinical consequences of this survey continued for hebdomads and assisted in suppression of monosynaptic irritability of tendoachillis as revealed by take downing of the H/M ratio in the survey group.This happening proposing a different mechanism of action need farther probe and account. Geldard [ 41 ] in his work found that Pressure technique has been therapeutically effectual to change motor response and when force per unit area is continuously applied, there is a diminution in sensitiveness. Tuttle and Mc Clearly [ 42 ] added that mechanical force per unit area ( force ) , provided continuously is repressive, possibly because of force per unit area version. It is hypothesized that this deep force per unit area activates pacinian atoms, which are quickly altered receptor ; nevertheless, the version may change with the strength of stimulation and with the country of the organic structure being stimulated. This force per unit area seemed most effectual on sinewy interpolations. [ 42 ] Pacinian Corpuscles as Quillin [ 43 ] explained are located deep in The corium of the tegument: in entrails, mesenteries, and ligaments and near blood vass. Interestingly. they are most plentiful in the colloidal suspensions of the pess, where they seem to exercise some influence on position, place, and ambulation. The pacinian atoms adapt rapidly and they are activated by deep force per unit area and speedy stretch of tissues. [ 43 ] Umphred et al. , [ 43 ] reported that Because of the rapid version, a kept up stimulation will efficaciously do suppression by forestalling farther stimulations from come ining the system. The technique of deep force per unit area is applied to hypersensitive countries to normalise skin responses. Besides, they recommended that changeless force per unit area applied over the sinews of the wrist flexors may stifle flexor hypertonicity every bit good as elongate the tight facia over the sinewy interpolation. The force per unit area is applied across the sinew with increasing force per unit area until musculuss relax. [ 43 ] Pierson [ 45 ] recommended that the kept up force per unit area is effectual in cut downing spasticity if it is applied to the sinew than the musculus belly. It is thought to move as a counter thorn that overwhelms centripetal ability to intercede other types of stimulation. H-reflex testing has shown that the motor nerve cell is inhibited in the sinew being pressed. [ 45 ] In their work about the consequence of soleus musculus force per unit area on alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with spinal cord hurt ( SCI ) Robichaud and Agostinucci [ 46 ] found that Circumferential force per unit area applied to the lower leg decreased soleus musculus alpha motor neuron automatic irritability in topics with SCI. [ 46 ] The consequences of survey tested the effectivity of intermittent tendon force per unit area on the depression of alpha motor neuron irritability. Kukulkaet al. , [ ] showed that the application of intermittent force per unit area to a sinew produced a statistically important lessening in the amplitude of the H physiological reaction, bespeaking a depression in alpha motor neuron irritability. This depression was sustained over a 30-second period of intermittent force per unit area application. These findings support those reported earlier by KuKulka et al. , [ 47 ] in which sustained tendon force per unit area was found to bring forth a transeunt suppression of motor neuron irritability. Intermittent tendon force per unit area, hence, may be utile for patients who require a sustained decrease in musculus activity, and sustained tendon force per unit area may turn out most utile for transeunt decreases in musculus tone. [ 47 ] Sing to the repressive consequence of quiver, Maisden [ 48 ] in their surveies showed that Because its ability to diminish allergic tactile receptors through supraspinal ordinance, local quiver is considered an repressive technique.. Vibration besides stimulates cuteaneous receptors, specifically the pacinian atoms, and therefore can besides be classified an extroceptive modes. Vibrators function with frequence below 75 Hz is thought to hold an repressive consequence on normal musculus. [ 48 ] Umphred et al. , [ 44 ] concluded that low-frequency quiver used alternately with force per unit area can be extremely effectual. It should be remembered that these combined inputs use different neurophysiological mechanisms. [ 44 ] Vibration is an effectual manner to stamp down the H-reflex as stated by Delwaide. , [ 49 ] and Braddom & A ; Johnson. [ 50 ] Somerville and Ashby [ 51 ] added that Using a vibrating stimulation to the Achilles sinew in the limb under probe consequences in depression of the H-reflex that may outlive the continuance of the quiver by several hundred msecs. The mechanism of H-reflex suppression as explained by Taylor et Al. , [ 52 ] is unknown but may affect presynaptic suppression through primary spindle sensory nerve fire or neurotransmitter depletion. The consequences of this survey agreed with the determination of the work done by Manganotti and Amelio [ 53 ] who used 1,500 shootings of daze moving ridge to handle flexor musculuss of the forearm and 800 shootings for each interosseus musculus of the manus with 0.030 mJ/mm2 strength. They reported that ESWT on the flexor hypertonic musculuss of the forearm and the interosseus musculuss of the manus was effectual for the betterment of upper limb spasticity in shot patients for more than12 hebdomads. Besides the determination of Yoo et Al. [ 29 ] proved important decrease of spasticity on the cubitus flexor and carpus pronator for 1 to 4 hebdomads after 1,000 shootings of ESWT with 0.069 mJ/mm2 strength. In their survey aimed for measuring the spasticity and electrophysiologic effects of using extracorporeal daze wave therapy ( ESWT ) to the gastrocnemius by analyzing F moving ridge and H-reflex. Sohn et al. , [ 30 ] concluded that after using ESWT on the gastrocnemius in shot patients, the spasticity of the mortise joint plantarflexor was significantly improved, with no alterations of F wave or H-reflex parametric quantities. They recommended that farther surveies are needed to measure the mechanisms of the antispastic consequence of ESWT. The important betterment in the development of walking accomplishment in the participant kids in the survey group might be due to the application of traditional neurodevelopmental intercession technique in add-on to the long permanent decrease of spasticity produced by daze moving ridge therapy and its function in take downing calf musculus spasticity.This inhibitory consequence on tendoachillis hypertonus assist the kids in the survey group to develop their motor map and walking abilities which was positively reflected on the gross motor map step mark in the walk-to portion following station intervention period The transition of Achilles tendon hypertonicity and its influence on bettering motor functional and walking abilities for hypertonic CP kids is attendant with the position of Natarajan and Ribbans [ 54 ] who strongly affirmed on that aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"Achilles tendon is involved in a assortment of padiatric conditionsaa‚ ¬A? .So its shortening or failing is a characteristic of many neurological conditions impacting the cardinal or peripheral nervous system such as intellectual paralysis. And Achilles tendon spasticity, failing or contractures in these conditions lead to detaining of walking and pace abnormalcies.

Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies

Damarcus Fitzhugh Lenore Harris ENG 001B 11/18/2012 In most short stories of the past there have always been Heroes and Villains; good vs. evil. Whether it’s the innocent Hansel and Gretel vs. the evil cannibalistic witch; authors tended to paint the line separating the two through their uses of certain writing tools. The point Atwood attempts to drive into the reader is women’s naivety and overall downplay of rape. Margaret Atwood, author of Rape Fantasies, relies heavily on Irony and Characterization to get her point across. In the story Estelle, the narrator and main character, shares her rape fantasies along .In all of them she is a victim, later in the story, we find out that the reason she has these thoughts about being raped is so that if she ever is in a situation like one where she might get raped, she wants to be prepared to avoid it and protect herself. This shows an unrealistic and naive view on what rape really is. She imagines the rapist to be the victim i nstead of her. As mentioned in the text, all the rapists she fantasizes about are victims of some sort of mental or physical trait considered undesirable Atwood uses characterization, specifically in Estelle, with whom she characterizes as condescending, sarcastic and negative at times.She is a young office worker who notes how popular the subject â€Å"Rape† has become in women's magazines. Estelle is playing a game with her co-workers over their lunch hour, when Chrissy, a woman from Estelle's office, brings up the topic of rape fantasies. Estelle would rather just continue playing, but instead, the small group of ladies decides to go around the table sharing their own rape fantasies. (1) Darlene, the oldest, and the only divorced women of the group finds these fantasies revolting and ends up turning her back on the other ladies. later she returns, unable to resist the interesting taboo) (1) Chrissy and Sondra are very eager to share their â€Å"rape fantasies† but a fter they do Estelle informs them that they were not legitimate rape fantasies but merely romantic fantasies; she then describes a story of a man jumping her in a dark alley, or sneaking into her house when she is sick in bed. In all of Estelle's stories the men are pathetic, lonely individuals who have something â€Å"wrong† with them either mentally or physically.Here we see Estelle victimize the rapist in order to protect herself. She believes she can talk herself out of being raped. After sharing all the rape fantasies the story goes into a deeper monologue and a new light is shed on why Estelle's fantasies (1) all end the way they do. It is because she feels that after getting to know someone and getting a glimpse of what they think and how they feel there is no way a person would be able to rape the other; this theory contradicts almost every book that says women are usually raped by someone they know.Irony is introduced within the conversations the women have. Moving f rom woman to woman, Darlene calling the entire thing â€Å"disgusting,† Greta describing a Tarzan-like situation, Chrissy describing hers in a bath, when Estelle, ever the voice of reason, informs them that what they are describing are sexual fantasies: â€Å"Listen . . . those aren’t rape fantasies. I mean, you aren’t getting raped, it’s just some guy you haven’t met formally who happens to be more attractive than Derek Cummins . . and you have a good time, rape is when they’ve got a knife or something and you don’t want to†. (1) Angered, the other women insist that she tell them hers. Content, Estelle then describes her rape fantasy where she deflects her rapist by squirting lemon juice from a plastic bottle in his eyes (â€Å"You should hear the one about the Easy Off Cleaner†), and the one where â€Å"this short, ugly fellow comes up and grabs my arm . . .I say, â€Å"Oh for Christ sake,’ and he starts to cr y,† which prompts a wave of sympathy in Estelle. And there’re more, all with Estelle stopping her attacker through talking to him (â€Å"I’ve just found out I have leukemia†), or talking him out of it. (1) As the story continues, we become aware that Estelle is talking to someone in addition to the reader–â€Å"I hope you don’t mind me holding my nose like this . . . † and that person is probably a man (two times Estelle says, â€Å"But I guess it’s different for a guy†).As the story ends, we realize that Estelle has been in a bar, talking to a man she had just met, she worries about possibly being raped by him. â€Å"Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he’s just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you’re human, you have a life too, I don’t see how they could go ahead with it, right? † (Last Paragraph) We are left wondering whether this entire story is Estelle’s deliberate inventions, her attempt to control a dangerous interaction. Citation Atwood, Margaret. Rape Fantasies. S. l. : S. n. , .. ]. Print.

Methods for communicating business information Essay

In order to communicate business information a business will use a range of electronic and non – electronic methods for the right audience. The way informational will presented will depend upon on a number of factors such as: * Age and attention span * Readability * Interest The audience may have a range of people of different ages. Those who are younger will only be able to concentrate for shorter length of time, while older people and those are who are highly educated will be able to listen to a presentation or other forms of communications such as reports. Younger people will respond well to visual stimuli such as power points rather than verbal presentations. Different types will respond differently to different forms of communications. Businesses will range from the age and the amount of education a person has. For example in an industrial business or supermarket will have a wide range of people. Those who work on the shop floor in a supermarket will have a range of people of ages and the education they have. Some may have basic GCSE level or none at all or may be studying at a degree level. The type of communication that is given to this type of audience will vary. The non electronic methods for communicating business information are: * Letter * Memorandum * Report * Invoice A letter is a form of written communication. Letters are considered to be the easiest form of communication simply because they are simple and quick to produce but also because they provide a written record of correspondence that can be useful in the event of a dispute. Another form a non electric method for communicating business information is a memorandum. This is an internal form of communication for the business and serves the purposes of transferring short messages between members of staff. A report is used as a formal reply to a task that has been set. It is a common form of communication in the business industry and amongst many other forms of organisations. An invoice is a document that is produced by the business. It informs customers that they have bought on credit. The sales department has the responsibility to produce such documents. An invoice will have the details of the Products bought by the customers, the date, details of payments that are required and the date of when the payment is required. Such documents are kept for six years as they later may be used as evidence of a contract if any legal action should be taken. The electronic forms of communications that are used in a business are: * Screen based communication * Email * SMS * Computers and the internet * Telephone * Video conferencing Screen based communications are now becoming more common in businesses. Most forms of communications in the technology world use screens to show information. For example tills have screens to show customers and the cashier the amount that has to be paid and the goods been bought. Screen based communications have become increasingly common and are now used for a range of purposes such as cash machines, railway and airports. Email has become another popular source of communication. The advantages of emailing are: * The costs are extremely low * It is quick and easy * The information can be instantly viewed * A written copy of the message is given to both parties – useful for reference * Easy to store Emails are seen as an informal source of writing where abbreviated words are used. For this reason business emails are written in a less formal way and a friendly tone. Business messages are now being sent and received through text messages (SMS) which is available between mobile phones. This method of communication can be replaced for memos and emails to send messages to employees. Text messages benefits those employees such as sales people who travel frequently as part of their job to be kept up to date with important developments. It also used as a form of advertising the business. Customers can be attracted to the business by the carious text messages they receive by the business on the products or services. The web is one of the biggest changes that have been made in the business world. Due to the internet becoming increasingly popular, businesses have taken this to this advantage. The internet has shown to increase sales and strengthen relationships with existing and potential customers. The internet has helped widen the target market for many businesses. Businesses such as Sony are able to promote and reach to customers globally through the internet as trading resolves the issue of time differences for customers living different parts of the world. The progress of this has allowed businesses such as Sony gain sales and a profit boost. It also benefits the business as it allows the businesses to change products and pricing if circumstances change. This is a cost effective way of change as products being in stored would have to go through the process of reprinting advertising materials. Another reason why the internet has become cost effective is because it has allowed customers to access information on products that would otherwise have to be accessed through broachers, catalogues or leaflets. Telephone calls fast form of communication. This method of communication is effective as it allows instant discussion on a matter and response. Most businesses have a conference via telephone so that a number of people can be involved in a conversation and discuss business matters. Video conferencing is where a business will have a meeting through computer screens. Businesses may want to communicate with people in different locations. Video conferencing makes it easier for businesses to hold meetings within their premises without having to travel.

Professional Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional Development - Assignment Example The skill of flexibility within me also helps in developing a positive attitude owing to which I accept fresh challenges with ease and also broadens my thought process owing to the presence of this particular positive attitude in my character. The positive attitude prevents me from becoming demoralised in my work. I also have the tendency to work rigorously as a result of which in spite of several failures in my task, I never intend to always come forward for the reason of attainment of that particular task. The interpersonal skill within me also assists me to make effectual communication with others. I would also like to add in this context that I also possess qualities of a good listener and have the flair of getting along with people well that too owing to my good communication as well as listening skills. Weaknesses The weakness in me is the lack of confidence in work and also while talking to the customers and even my friends or class mates owing to my poor pronunciation. In cer tain instances, this dearth of confidence results in embarrassing me in front of others. This dearth of confidence while communicating with people is my greatest weakness which might hold me back from scaling heights in the profession I am in presently and the one that I wish to pursue in the future, as both calls for the requirement of this skill to a large extent. Thus, to overcome such weakness increased growth in the level of confidence is required which is only possible with the help of regular practice or training. I must focus on my confidence level as it is regarded as essential while dealing with customers in any kind of business along with triggering self-assurance in the competitive environment. I even... The reflective summary of the study has been prepared by taking into consideration the requirement of the development of the needed skills towards the attainment of my career objectives. The SWOT analysis that the researcher conducted on himself helped him to identify the skills that the researcher lack in and the ones that needs honing. Based on that analysis and according to the basis of priority the cognitive skills need to be developed initially. This will entail the need of enhancing the researcher’s listening skills which will further trigger the development of his cognitive skills. The researcher intends to develop this skill within him in the initial three months by way of enrolling myself in the required regular classes that will assist in the development and promotion of this skill. The next aim will be to develop my communication skills which the researcher can start consequently with the development of the earlier mentioned cognitive skills. The researcher will req uire initiating communication with the people present around him without feeling shy. He needs to overlook the aspect of poor pronunciation which restricted or resisted him from communicating with people around him for all this time in order to effectively develop this skill. The researcher will also need to start communicating or strike conversations with the customers coming to his place of work. The researcher’s active participation in the discussions during his course classes will also be a contributing factor for the development of communication skill.

Leadership styles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership styles - Research Paper Example Their ability to perform the aforementioned things relies on the leadership style adopted. Thus, at any time the leader or the manager should employ these styles. An important issue arises and this will be subject in this paper, how are the managers capable of altering their leadership styles (as described in situational leadership theory) to communicate and motivate the employees. There are four leadership styles (the selling or coaching style, the participating or supporting style, the telling or directing style, and the delegating style) and each style will be discussed in detail and applied in the case of General Electric. Specifically, the paper will explore the leadership style of Jeff Immelt, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of General Electric. General Electric is among many companies that have excelled in their leadership styles. The leadership style employed has been used as a benchmark for most organizations and companies. It is noted that the four leadership styles are c rucial for the success or failure of a company. As seen in General Electric case, a leader or a manager can apply all the four leadership styles to steer the organization. However, there is a tendency to use one leadership style more than the others are. General Electric In 1876, in Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Alva Edison opened a laboratory where he could discover the prospects of the dynamo and other electrical tools or devices that he had realized in the exposition. By the year 1890, Edison launched the Edison General Electric Company by merging his various businesses. At the same time, a competitor appeared, the Thomson-Houston Company. Thomson-Houston Company became the principal electrical company through a series of unions or mergers led by Charles A. Coffin (General Electric Company, 2012). As the businesses grew, it became very difficult for either of the company to generate complete electrical installations depending entirely on their own technologies and patents. The t wo companies merged in the year 1892, and the new organization was called the General Electric Company. A number of Edison’s initial business offerings are still a portion of General Electric (GE) today and they include transportation, power transmission, medical equipment, industrial products, and lighting. The initial GE Appliances electric fans were generated at the Ft. Wayne electric works in the early 1890s. Full line of cooking and heating devices was first produced in 1907(General Electric Company, 2012). The GE Aircraft Engines started its operations in 1917 when the United States government started its search for a company that could produce the first airplane booster. Edison’s experiments with plastic filaments for the light bulbs started in 1893 and this led to the creation of the GE Plastics department in 1930. The General Electric leaders over the years have created a diverse portfolio of prominent businesses;a series of dominant company-wide initiatives t hat reduces cost and drives growth; Controllership and financial strength that permit it capitalize on openings through several cycles; and a collection of common values which permit it to face every environment with confidence(General Electric Company, 2012). Analysis The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model illustrates the relation between the willingness of the followers and leadership style based on relationship and task behaviors of leaders.

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Performance Management - Essay Example Performance management is a process that came into the scene during the period of 1980s and continues to impact the business environment (Armstrong, 1998, p.47). This research paper will focus on the topic of performance management while focusing specifically on the subjects of its definitions, purpose, benefits as well as methods used to conduct this process. Definition of Performance Management Researchers have provided the world of business with several definitions of performance management. For example: Samsonowa defines performance management as a process that is conducted on continuous basis in order to attain the objective of improving individual’s performance of tasks while involving activities including setting of goals, providing feedback along with reinforcing behavior as well as training of employees (Samsonowa, 2011,p.33). According to this definition the process of performance management is conducted with the sole aim of enhancing individual task performances by providing certain aims and targets to employees for achievement and ensuring that these targets are met by providing training and development to employees and if employees fail to attain those targets, they are provided with further training and development in order to decrease their performance gaps. The definition even pays emphasis to involvement of feedback, rewards as well as punishments in order to reinforce behavior. This means that with the assistance of performance management, employers first identify how well employees have performed and if they perform according to set targets and standards, they are provided with rewards to ensure that similar behavior occurs again in future and if they fail to attain targets they are punished in order to ensure that certain behaviors are not repeated. Purpose of Performance Management The process of performance management and creation of performance management systems is done on the basis of either one or of the two purposes or for both the purposes including administrative/decision making purposes and developmental purposes (Smither, 2009). When performance management is conducted for the purpose of decision making/administrative purposes the aim of the organization is to use the process to document the performance of individual employees and to make decision regarding the rewards and punishments to be offered to employees. The rewards and punishments that might be offered to employees on the basis of the process of performance management may include promotion or downgrade of an employee from one position to another increasing or decreasing compensation and benefits of the employees in order to either reinforce their performance or encourage them to perform better in future. On the other hand when the purpose of conducting performance management is developmental in nature, current performance of individuals is compared to either historical performance or set targets and if a difference between current and budgete d performance is figured out, employees are provided training and development in order to close the gap in performance levels. Both purposes have their own strengths and the purposes cannot be rated in order to figure out which purpose is more effective and efficient. Advantage of the Process of Performance Management One of the main benefits of performance m

Hypothesis Testin Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypothesis Testin Paper - Essay Example It is a hypothesis which states that there is no difference between the procedures and is denoted by H0. The following test of hypothesis can be conducted from the table above: Test Statistic: It is the random variable X whose value is tested to arrive at a decision. The Central Limit Theorem states that for large sample sizes (n > 30) drawn randomly from a population, the distribution of the means of those samples will approximate normality, even when the data in the parent population are not distributed normally. A z statistic is usually used for large sample sizes (n > 30), but often large samples are not easy to obtain, in which case the t-distribution can be used. The population standard deviation s is estimated by the sample standard deviation, s. Rejection Region: It is the part of the sample space (critical region) where the null hypothesis H0 is rejected. The size of this region is determined by the probability (a) of the sample point falling in the critical region when H0 is true. a is also known as the level of significance, the probability of the value of the random variable falling in the critical region. Also it should be noted that the term "Statistical significance" refers only to the rejection of a null hypothesis at some level a. It implies only that the observed difference between the sample statistic and the mean of the sampling distribution did not occur by chance alone. The critical t value is obtained according to the degrees of freedom The resulting t test values are shown in this table: t-test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Upstream Downstream Mean 6.6539 8.6874 Variance 0.2124 0.2988 Observations 10 10 Pooled Variance 0.2556 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 Degrees of freedom

Business to Business Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business to Business Marketing - Assignment Example The company under question Cloud Creative Solutions Ltd. is found to work more based on the tool of personal selling while reaching the goods and services produced to the customers. Other than focusing on personal selling alone the company can also render focus on a large number of other marketing communication tools while marketing its different services conducted in the marketing sphere. The different marketing communication tools consist of both traditional means and also other sophisticated modes which depend on the use of internet and digital media. Traditional tools of marketing communication consists of advertising activities on a media plane like use of magazines, newspapers and through other visual and audio modes like radio and television. Moreover advertisements made at various places through the use of billboards can also be used by the company. Cloud Creative Solutions can also market the range of services offered through pasting of advertisements on transport vehicles a nd in entertainment venues like cinema houses. Other forms of marketing communication tools used by retail companies are using different forms of signage both inside and outside the store to attract the attention of consumers. Again the company can work to sponsor large number of events like sports, entertainment and other arts and crafts activities to help gain the views of large number of people. This also helps in enhancing the social image of the company to the external world. The company can also focus on the generation of events like trade shows wherein the consumers get the enlarged view of the different products and services marketed by the company from time to time. Cloud Creative Solutions can also create huge customer hype through the rendering of discounts, promotional coupons, bonus and other price and economy packs to the consumers. The company can also engage in the generation of contests and other sweepstakes to encourage the consumers participate in such events in l arge numbers and thereby gain access and knowledge of the services rendered. Thus Cloud Creative Solutions can depend greatly on the above discussed marketing tools rather than depending greatly on public relations and personal selling to market the large sphere of marketing services. These marketing communication tools in total constitute the realm of promotional tools in the marketing activities of the company (Shimp, 2008, p.7-8). While analyzing the above marketing communication tools it can be inferred that the emergence of the internet would effectively help service marketing companies like Cloud Creative Solutions to gain the attention of large number of consumers both in local and international markets. Moreover through the help of internet marketing the companies can present to the customers lucrative websites containing a large array of information pertaining to the different products and services rendered and thus helps the consumers to make effective choices. Again the i nternet is used as an effective marketing communication tool in that it helps in the spreading of marketing messages of the company to users spread along international boundaries in a highly faster mode than that of other traditional marketing tools depending on digital and printed media. Further the use of mobile communication is also considered as an effective mode for marketing communi

A Characters Role Essay Example for Free

A Characters Role Essay In a world focused on elevators one wonders, what would it mean if one were to take the stairs? The Intuitionist, by Colson Whitehead, deals with the exploration of Lila Mae Watson, a black female intuitionist, who undergoes a quest to reveal what Intuitionism is all about. As a result of her quest, the connection between James Fulton, the creator of Intuitionism and Lila Mae Watsons role as character is revealed. Lila M. Watson, the protagonist of this novel, endures a number of experiences as the first black elevator intuitionist. An accident occurs with an elevator which she was in charge of. From then on the story introduces Lila Maes quest for answers. Lila Maes life goes into detail about how fragments of her life have been shattered with grief, and racism above all. During her exam about elevators in college, she was answering flawlessly with details and precisions at the professors questions. The last question had nothing to do with elevators, just a reckoning to her; so that she knows that there are only twelve colored inspectors and they most of them are not even working, by making her know that even though she answered swiftly she didnt know everything: So you dont know everything; that will be all Miss Watson. (p 53) Within the story she goes into a subtle exploration of her own identity, race, and duty as a person in her position. This leads into the elusive quest for the black box and ultimately Jamess Watsons Perfect elevator But this quest of hers intertwines with the experiences of James Fulton. This intricate character deals with the many hardships that Lila Mae dealt with during her youth, only with the slight fact that he dealt with these issues with his inner self. Fultons secretive and deceiving nature is the actual cause of all the events that take place. James is actually a black man with light skin, who does not feel comfortable letting the world know that he is black because of his status. Fultons hatred of himself and his lie of whiteness(p 239). Although hes not to blame because in the world they live in it is not as easy being a person of color. There was no hope for him as a colored man because the white world will not let a colored man rise. (p 240) For this very reason he decides to play the role of a white man. At early age he knew he would be confused for a white person, so he used this trait to achieve his greatness in life. Overtime Fulton became godly to people, because of his knowledge about elevators and what he had to write about them. Every Tuesday James Fulton. stood in the downstairs drawing room and lectured on the intricacies of his science (p 54). One does not realize that this intuitionism is created as a joke. A joke that is taken seriously and soon evolves into the world itself. Both Fulton and Watson are two figures who struggle for one cause only. To achieve their goal in life, for Watson it is to find and reveal the perfect elevator into the world, and for Fulton it is to create and implement this perfect elevator into the world. As two black figures in a white-ruled society it is their socialistic duty to fulfill their goals and be aware that this achievement is critical for their community. Lila M. Watson is forced to go on a journey that is composed of events that will prove her innocence about the incident, discover the perfect elevator, and like Fulton, take an important position in society. She sees herself as a person who has a duty to fill Fultons shoes. In the other hand Fultons lies and secrets are what form the entire story. After having developed intuitionism for that long, he realized he needs a successor, who will deal with society. But it is Intuitionism that must be kept important until the world is ready for the perfect elevator. Fulton does not publish his work for this very reason. Like Lila Maes duty of finding his perfect elevator, it is his to create it. But little do we know that this perfect elevator is nothing more then what he has created as a mockery of the world he lives in. It consist of a perfect world where there exists no racial constrains. Fulton is a man who creates a perfect society in his mind and puts it in paper, but never reveals it. Lila Mae discovers this but she knows that even though shes been living in a world of lies, it is her duty to preserve this knowledge until the world becomes a place like Fulton metaphorically described in his books. This the story that deals with ones accomplishment to fool the world and in the meantime while everyone is fascinated by his accomplishments and fake works, he devotes his life to creating a blueprint to a better world for existence.