Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Example for Free

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Samos, Ionia around 580 b.c. Thales, who was another philosopher was the main teacher of Pythagoras. Pythagoras went to study further in Egypt so Thales couldnt teach him anymore. In Pythagoras teenage years, he began to become known for his philosophic ideas. He also succeeded in math, astronomy, wrestling, and music. In music, he figured out that when a string is vibrating, the longer or shorter it is makes a difference in the tune of the note. In astronomy, he taught that the earth was a sphere, and in math he compared the difference between composite and prime numbers, discovered irrational numbers, and proved the Pythagorean Theorem. This stated that when the two shorter sides in a right triangle were squared and then added, it would equal the square of the longest side or hypotenuse. This was known earlier, but he was the first one to really prove it was true. He soon moved from his home in Italy to a place called Crotona. In Crotona, he found a wife named Theano and founded a school based on philosophy and religion. While in Crotona he discovered many things and even had some followers. Pythagoras followers called themselves the Pythagoreans. In order to become a Pythagorean , you had to follow a couple of strict rules. One of the rules was silence. This meant that you could never share any of your own ideas with the others and that you could only listen to your fellow Pythagoreans. Another rule was avoiding the ingestion of meat. An interesting thing about his school was that if you joined you were automatically a Pythagorean so that meant if you were a student, youd have to obey the rules also. His followers also believed in reincarnation. Reincarnation- when one dies, their soul is transferred to another human beings body. Pythagoras died in Metapontum, Lucania in 500 b.c. Historians think that he  fled and just barely escaped death when violence broke out in Crotona. When he died, a lot of his ideas were forgotten. We will always miss our dear Pythagorus.

Filial Ingratitude in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear essay

Filial Ingratitude in Shakespeare's King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's King Lear, the main plot, which is focused around the error of King Lear, is mirrored by the subplot, which is based on the Earl of Gloucester's mistake. The main plot parallels the subplot in order to reiterate one of the main themes of the play, filial ingratitude.   At first, both Gloucester & Lear are unaware that their disloyal offspring are taking advantage of them, and they have wrongfully accused their virtuous heirs.   When they discover their mistakes however, it is too late to correct them.  Ã‚      In Act I, Scene I, Goneril claims, "Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter...a love that makes breath poor, and speech unable; beyond all manner of so much I love you" lines 54-60.   Regan, her evil counterpart also declares, " [I] alone felicitate in your dear highness' love" lines 73-74.   Cordelia, his honest daughter cannot grant him such unfounded flattery and relies, "I love your majesty according to my bond; nor more nor less" lines 89-90.   Lear enraged at her answer, b...

Diabetes Presentation Essay

Learning Team A was tasked to create a 15-20 slide presentation of a major health issue  prevalent in the United States. The group  chose the disease diabetes.  Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body  uses blood glucose. The glucose in your body is  important because it is an important source of  energy for the cells that make up our muscles and  tissues. It is the main source of fuel for our brain. Mellitus- Also known as Type 1 Diabetes, TD1; formerly insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile  diabetes.  Is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing  beta cells in the pancreas. The subsequent lack of  insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. Polyuria (Frequent Urination) Polydipsia (Increased Thirst) Fatigue Weight Loss Blurred Vision Smell of acetone on the breath Abdominal Pain Nausea Diabetes Mellitus- Also known as  Type 2;formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes  mellitus (NIDDM),or adult-onset diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus-Is a metabolic disorder that is  characterized by high blood sugar disorder where it  is insulin resistance and relative to the lack of  insulin. Polyuria (Frequent Urination) Vaginal Infections Fatigue Blurred Vision Weight Loss Itchiness Peripheral Neuropathy Glycosuria Gestational  diabetes starts when your body is not  able to make and use all the insulin it needs for  pregnancy. Without enough insulin, glucose cannot  leave the blood and be changed  to energy. Glucose builds up in the blood to high  levels. This is called hyperglycemia. Gestational  diabetes affects the mother in late  pregnancy, after the baby’s body has been formed,  but while the baby is busy growing. untreated or  poorly controlled gestational diabetes can hurt your  baby. When you have gestational diabetes, your  pancreas works overtime to produce insulin, but the  insulin does not lower your blood glucose levels. levels. Although  insulin does not cross the placenta,  glucose and other nutrients do. So extra blood  glucose goes through the placenta, giving the baby  high blood glucose levels. This causes the  baby’s pancreas to make extra insulin to get rid of  the blood glucose. Since the baby is getting more  energy than it needs to grow and develop, the extra  energy is stored as fat. This  can lead to macrosomia, or a â€Å"fat†Ã‚  baby. Babies with macrosomia face health problems  of their own, including damage to their shoulders  during birth. Because of the extra insulin made by  the baby’s pancreas, newborns may have very low  blood glucose levels at birth and are also at higher  risk for breathing problems. Babies with excess  insulin become children who are at risk  for obesity and adults who are at risk for type 2  diabetes. Gestational diabetes  doesn’t cause  noticeable signs or symptoms. Rarely,  gestational diabetes may cause  excessive thirst or increased urination. According to the National Diabetes Education Program these are the risk factors for diabetes: 45 years old or older. Overweight – BMI > 23 for Asian American, 26 for Pacific Islander, or 25 for anyone else.  Have a parent, brother, or sister with the disease. Family background is African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander. I have had diabetes while pregnant (gestational  diabetes) or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds  or more. Have  been told that blood glucose (blood sugar)  levels are higher than normal. Have high blood pressure. Cholesterol levels are not normal – HDL (â€Å"good†)  cholesterol levels less than 35 or triglyceride level  higher than 250. Fairly inactive, physically active less than 3 times a  week. Have polycystic ovary syndrome (a set of symptoms  related to a hormonal imbalance that occurs in  females of reproductive age). The  skin around the neck or in armpits appears dirty  no matter how much it is scrubbed. The skin  appears dark, thick, and velvety. This is called  acanthosis nigricans. Have been told that have blood vessel problems  affecting the heart, brain, or legs. Set  a weight loss goal – The key to preventing  diabetes is to lose weight by eating healthy foods  that are lower in fat and calories and being  physically active. Set a goal that you can achieve,  they recommend 5 to 10 percent of your current  weight. Make healthy food choices – There are many weight  loss plans to choose from, but the DPP (Diabetes  Prevention Plan) showed that you can prevent or  delay the onset of diabetes by losing weight through  a low-fat, reduced calorie eating plan. Move  more – Try to get at least 30 minutes of  moderate-intensity physical activity five days a  week. If you have not been active, start off slowly,  building up to your goal. Any physical activity that  gets your heart rate up will do; walking, dancing,  swimming, biking, etc. You don’t have to do all 30  minutes at once, doing 10 minute sessions  throughout the day is fine. Diabetes is a endocrine systems disorder but affects all systems of the body: Eyes- Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in your eyes. This damage can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, structural changes to your retina, even blindness. When blood vessels are damaged, nerve signals can’t reach your eyes. In addition, having diabetes can lead to a buildup of pressure from fluid, which can compress nerves and other structures in your eye. Having a high level of blood sugar makes your kidneys work harder to filter your blood, and they can become overworked. This can lead to chronic kidney disease and complete failure. Having diabetes can also cause damage to your liver and cause a condition called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This means your liver is having difficulty processing fats. You may develop scar tissue on your liver and a condition called cirrhosis. Too much glucose circulating in the blood can damage any of the nerves in your body. This can lead to numbness, tingling and pain, especially in the legs and feet. If you develop cuts or sores you may not feel them, and they may heal very slowly. You may lose sensation in these areas, and if the damage is severe enough, amputations may be necessary. In  conclusion, diabetes can be potentially deadly  disease, effecting the whole body if left untreated. It  can however be easily managed through diet and  exercise, perhaps even avoided entirely by  practicing healthy eating habits and maintaining  regular exercise throughout life.

About The First Amendment Cases - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2066 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/24 Category Law Essay Level High school Topics: First Amendment Essay Did you like this example? The First Amendment was created in 1791, which later added twenty seven more into present day that make up the Bill of Rights. Within the First Amendment, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech. (history.com, 2017) This Amendment gives the right of the people to peacefully assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances as well. In the United States Supreme Court, there have been well over a 100 cases argued that are in regards to the First Amendment. The First Amendment guarantees the right of the American peoples freedom of speech. This gives Americans the right to express themselves without having to worry about interference from the government. The United States Supreme Court consistently struggles to determine what types of speech are protected within the First Amendment. This classification is continually evolving due to the abundant amount of c ases that arise in regard to the First Amendment. Among the immense amount of cases under the First Amendment, there are four very important landmark Supreme Court cases, out of thousands, in reference to the Freedom of Speech clause. Two of those cases, R.A.V v. City of St. Paul (1992) and Virginia v. Black et al (2003), deal with the issue of cross burning on personal property. The other two cases, Roth v. United States (1957) and Stanley v. Georgia (1969) dealt with the issue of owning and distributing obscenity. These cases share similarities under the First Amendment Freedom of Speech clause but differ on a factual basis. CASE: R.A.V v. City of St. Paul (1992) (Oyez, n.d) (LII / Legal Information Institute, 2018) (CaseBriefs LLC, n.d) (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) FACTS: In the city of St. Paul, Minnesota, several teenagers were reportedly burning cross on an African American familys lawn. The local police charged one of the teens und er a local bias-motivated criminal ordinance which prohibits the display of a symbol which arouses anger, alarm or resentment in others on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, or gender. (Oyez, n.d) This case was argued on December 4th, 1991. The trial court dismissed this charge on the basis that the ordinance was substantially over-broad. (LII / Legal Information Institute, 2018) The state supreme court reversed this decision. R.A.V appealed to the U.S Supreme Court. QUESTION: Is the ordinance overly broad and in violation of the First amendment free speech clause? (Oyez, n.d) REASONING: The reasoning of the court was delivered by Justice Scalia. The ordinance was found to be content-based that it does not fall into an exception of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. (CaseBriefs LLC, n.d) Justice Byron White said The ordinance is unconstitutional because it is over-broad. Whilst Justice Harry Blackmun said The ordinance goes beyond regulating figh ting words. (CaseBriefs LLC, n.d) The Court noted that it was bound by the Minnesota Supreme Courts interpretation of the statute that the ordinance reached only fighting words. (LII / Legal Information Institute, 2018) The local-ordinance was further defined as prohibiting fighting words only as they apply to cases of racial, gender, or religious harassment. (CaseBriefs LLC, n.d) Words that were directed at political affiliation or homosexuality were legally allowed. Our government is bound by the First Amendment from punishing speech and expressive conduct because it disapproves of the ideas expressed. Under this ordinance, for example, one could hold up a sign declaring all anti-semites are bastards but not that all Jews are bastards. (Oyez, n.d) The prohibition of speech in particular areas, while other kinds are unrestricted, is why the ordinance was held unconstitutional. (CaseBriefs LLC, n.d) Justice Scalia said that First Amendment jurisprudence has long held that nonver bal activity cannot be banned on the basis of the idea it expresses, for example, the burning of a flag could be punishable under an ordinance prohibiting fires but not under an ordinance prohibiting the burning of flags because of the message of dishonor it conveys. (LII / Legal Information Institute, 2018) Justice White, in his concurring opinion, expressed that the case could be easily decided as fatally over-broad because it criminalizes not only unprotected expression but expression protected by the First Amendment (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) DECISION: The Court held a 9 to 0 vote holding that the statute was facially unconstitutional on June 22nd, 1992. (Oyez, n.d) CASE: Virginia v. Black et al. (2003) (Oyez, n.d) (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) FACTS: Barry Black, Richard Elliott, and Jonathon OMara were convicted separately of violation of a Virginia statute that makes it a felony for any person, with the intent of intimidating any person or group, to burn a cross on the property of another, a highway or other public place,. (Oyez, n.d) This statute specifies that any such burningshall be prima facie evidence of an intent to intimidate a person or group. (Oyez, n.d) This case was argued on December 11th, 2002. During the trial, Black objected on the First Amendment grounds to a jury instruction that cross burning by itself is sufficient evidence from which the required intent to intimidate could be inferred. (Oyez, n.d) He was found guilty. OMara pleaded guilty to all charges. In Elliots trial, the judge did not give an instruction on the statutes prima facie evidence provision. (Oyez, n.d) QUESTION: Does the Commonwealth of Virginias cross-burning statute, which prohibits the burning of a cross with the intent of intimidating any person or group and its prima facie evidence, violate the First Amendment? (Oyez, n.d) REASONING: Justice Sandra Day OConnor delivered the Court s majority opinion. According to the Court, however, the importance of public interest in order and morality may restrict the content of speech in a few limited areas. (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) For example, the First Amendment allows states to ban true threats, which are defined as statements where the speakers means to communicate a serious expression of an intent to commit an act of unlawful violence to a particular individual or group. (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) The Court decided that intimidation was a type of true threat and found that the act of cross burning often involves intimidation by creating fear in victims that they are a target of violence. (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) The Court reviewed its reasoning in R.A.V v. St. Paul, where they found that the statute as it banned cross burning with intent to intimidate did come in conflict with the First Amendment because of its co ntent-based nature. (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) The seven supporting justices agreed that the Statute was deemed unconstitutional and therefore agreed in the Courts judgement insofar as it affirmed the invalidation of Blacks conviction. (Oyez, n.d) The Court ruled the prima facie evidence provision rendered the statute as facially unconstitutional because it would create an unacceptable risk of suppressing the act of cross burning as part a legitimate form of symbolic speech, which is thereby protected under the First Amendment. Accordingly, the Court found the prima facie provisions given by the jury instruction made the statute facially unconstitutional. (Global Freedom of Expression at Columbia University, n.d) DECISION: The Court held a 7 to 2 vote for Virginia on April 7th, 2003. (Oyez, n.d) CASE: Roth v. United States (1957) (Oyez, n.d) (Skelton, n.d) FACTS: Roth owned and operated a book-selling business in New York. He was con victed of mailing obscene circulars and obscene books in violation of a federal obscenity statute. (Oyez, n.d) Roths case was combined with another that was similar within his conviction. (Oyez n.d) This case was Alberts v. California, where Albert was convicted for selling lewd books, publishing obscene ads, and composing them. The California obscenity law was challenged by Alberts. Roths case was argued on April 22nd 1957. (Oyez, n.d) QUESTION: Did either the federal or Californias obscenity restrictions, prohibiting the sale of obscene materials through the mail, impinge upon the freedom of expression as guaranteed by the First Amendment? (Oyez, n.d) REASONING: Justice William J. Brennan Jr., wrote the decision of the Warren Court. In the Roth case, the conviction was upheld because the constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. ? § 1461, which makes mailing obscene books punishable. As well as the Albert case, where the constitutionality of ? § 311 of Wests California Penal Cod e., 1955, makes it a misdemeanor to sell obscene material. (Skelton, n.d) Sex and obscenity are not synonymous. Obscene material is material which deals with sex in a manner appealing to material intended to excite lustful thoughts. (Skelton, n.d) The Court decided that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected freedom of speech or press under the First Amendment. (Skelton, n.d) This means that constitutional guaranties were not violated in these cases. (Skelton, n.d) In these cases, both trial courts sufficiently followed the proper standard and used the proper definition of obscenity. The Court noted that the First Amendment was not intended to protect every form of expression, such as materials that were utterly without redeeming social importance. (Oyez, n.d) The Court held that the test to determine obscenity was whether to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of material taken as a whole appeals to prur ient interest. (Oyez, n.d) The Court held that such a definition of obscenity gave sufficient fair warning and satisfied the demands of Due Process. (Oyez, n.d) In 1957, the case was a 6 to 3 decision, later Justice Brennan reversed his position on the issue in Miller v. California (1973). (Oyez, n.d) Miller v. California superseded Roth v. United States. DECISION: The Court held a 6 to 3 decision upholding the convictions of Roth and Alberts. CASE: Stanley v. Georgia (1969) (Oyez, n.d) (Cornell Law School, n.d) FACTS: Local law enforcement officers, under the authority of a warrant, searched Stanleys home pursuant to an investigation of his alleged bookmaking activities. During the search, the officers found three reels of eight-millimeter film. (Oyez, n.d) The officers viewed the films, concluded they were obscene material, and seized them. Stanley was tried and convicted under a Georgia law prohibiting the possession of obscene materials. (Oyez, n.d) QUESTION: Did the Georgia statute infringe upon the freedom of expression protected by the First Amendment? REASONING: The appellant ruled that the Georgia obscenity statute is unconstitutional because it punishes private possessions of obscene matter. The Georgia Supreme Court relied on Roth v. United States, arguing the statutes validity on the ground that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press. (Cornell Law School, n.d) The United States Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibits making private possession of obscene material a crime. The Constitution protects the right to receive information and to be generally free from governmental intrusions into ones privacy and control of ones thoughts. (Cornell Law School, n.d) Justice Marshall delivered the opinion of the Court. Charging a person with possession of obscene material is considered non-essential to an indictment unless the person being charged had an intent to sell, expos e, or circulate. For these reasons, the Court agreed that the mere private possession of obscene matter cannot constitutionally be made a crime. The Court used other cases to lock its decision such as Stanley v. State, Roth v. United States, Alberts v. California and Ginsberg v. New York. (Cornell Law School, n.d) These cases helped shed light on the current case comparing the convictions based on the mere private possession and the actual intent to sell and distribute obscene material. Justice Marshall was famously quoted, finding that if the First Amendment means anything, it means that a State has no business telling a man, sitting alone in his own house, what books he may read or what films he may watch. Our whole constitutional heritage rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control mens minds. (Oyez, n.d) The Court distinguished between the mere private possession of obscene materials ,with help of previous decisions, and the production and distribution of such materials. The latter, the Court held, could be regulated by the states. (Oyez, n.d) DECISION: The Court held a unanimous decision for Stanley on April 7th 1969. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About The First Amendment Cases" essay for you Create order